Antimony telluride

Antimony telluride
Names
Electron micrograph of a seamless Bi₂Te₃/Sb₂Te₃ heterojunction and its atomic model (blue: Bi, green: Sb, red: Te)^[1]
Other names antimony telluride, antimony(III) telluride, antimony telluride, diantimony tritelluride
Identifiers
CAS Number	1327-50-0^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image Interactive image
ChemSpider	21241420^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.014.074
PubChem CID	6369653
InChI InChI=1S/2Sb.3Te/q2+3;3-2^Y Key: RSPNQEPAQCYWKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/2Sb.3Te/q2+3;3-2 Key: RSPNQEPAQCYWKS-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES [Te]=[Sb][Te][Sb]=[Te] [Sb+3].[Sb+3].[Te-2].[Te-2].[Te-2]
Properties
Chemical formula	Sb₂Te₃
Molar mass	626.32 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	grey solid
Density	6.50 g cm⁻³^[2]^[3]
Melting point	620 °C (1,148 °F; 893 K)^[2]
Band gap	0.21 eV^[4]
Thermal conductivity	1.65 W/(m·K) (308 K)^[5]
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hR15
Space group	R3m, No. 166^[6]
Lattice constant	a = 0.4262 nm, c = 3.0435 nm
Formula units (Z)	3
Hazards
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 0.5 mg/m³ (as Sb)^[7]
REL (Recommended)	TWA 0.5 mg/m³ (as Sb)^[7]
Related compounds
Other anions	Sb₂O₃ Sb₂S₃ Sb₂Se₃
Other cations	As₂Te₃ Bi₂Te₃
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Antimony telluride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Sb₂Te₃. As is true of other pnictogen chalcogenide layered materials, it is a grey crystalline solid with layered structure. Layers consist of two atomic sheets of antimony and three atomic sheets of tellurium and are held together by weak van der Waals forces. Sb₂Te₃ is a narrow-gap semiconductor with a band gap 0.21 eV; it is also a topological insulator, and thus exhibits thickness-dependent physical properties.^[1]

Crystalline structure

Sb₂Te₃ has a rhombohedral crystalline structure.^[8] The crystalline material comprises atoms covalently bonded to form 5 atom thick sheets (in order: Te-Sb-Te-Sb-Te), with sheets held together by van der Waals attraction. Due to its layered structure and weak inter-layer forces, bulk antimony telluride may be mechanically exfoliated to isolate single sheets.

Synthesis

Although antimony telluride is a naturally occurring compound, select stoichiometric compounds may be formed by the reaction of antimony with tellurium at 500–900 °C.^[3]

2 Sb(l) + 3 Te(l) → Sb₂Te₃(l)

Applications

Like other binary chalcogenides of antimony and bismuth, Sb₂Te₃ has been investigated for its semiconductor properties. It can be transformed into both n-type and p-type semiconductors by doping with an appropriate dopant.^[3]

Doping Sb₂Te₃ with iron introduces multiple Fermi pockets, in contrast to the single frequency detected for pure Sb₂Te₃, and results in reduced carrier density and mobility.^[9]

Sb₂Te₃ forms the pseudobinary intermetallic system germanium-antimony-tellurium with germanium telluride, GeTe.^[10]

Like bismuth telluride, Bi₂Te₃, antimony telluride has a large thermoelectric effect and is therefore used in solid state refrigerators.^[3]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antimony telluride.

^ ^a ^b Eschbach, Markus; Młyńczak, Ewa; Kellner, Jens; Kampmeier, Jörn; Lanius, Martin; Neumann, Elmar; Weyrich, Christian; Gehlmann, Mathias; Gospodarič, Pika; Döring, Sven; Mussler, Gregor; Demarina, Nataliya; Luysberg, Martina; Bihlmayer, Gustav; Schäpers, Thomas; Plucinski, Lukasz; Blügel, Stefan; Morgenstern, Markus; Schneider, Claus M.; Grützmacher, Detlev (2015). "Realization of a vertical topological p–n junction in epitaxial Sb₂Te₃/Bi₂Te₃ heterostructures". Nature Communications. 6: 8816. arXiv:1510.02713. Bibcode:2015NatCo...6.8816E. doi:10.1038/ncomms9816. PMC 4660041. PMID 26572278.
^ ^a ^b Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.48. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 581–582. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
^ Lefebvre, I.; Lannoo, M.; Allan, G.; Ibanez, A.; Fourcade, J.; Jumas, J. C.; Beaurepaire, E. (1987). "Electronic Properties of Antimony Chalcogenides". Physical Review Letters. 59 (21): 2471–2474. Bibcode:1987PhRvL..59.2471L. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.59.2471. PMID 10035559.
^ Yáñez-Limón, J. M.; González-Hernández, J.; Alvarado-Gil, J. J.; Delgadillo, I.; Vargas, H. (1995). "Thermal and electrical properties of the Ge:Sb:Te system by photoacoustic and Hall measurements". Physical Review B. 52 (23): 16321–16324. Bibcode:1995PhRvB..5216321Y. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.52.16321. PMID 9981020.
^ Kim, Won-Sa (1997). "Solid state phase equilibria in the Pt–Sb–Te system". Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 252 (1–2): 166–171. doi:10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02709-0.
^ ^a ^b NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0036". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Anderson, T. L.; Krause, H. B. (1974). "Refinement of the Sb2Te3 and Sb2Te2se structures and their relationship to nonstoichiometric Sb2Te3–ySey compounds". Acta Crystallographica Section B. 30: 1307–1310. doi:10.1107/S0567740874004729.
^ Zhao, Weiyao; Cortie, David; Chen, Lei; Li, Zhi; Yue, Zengji; Wang, Xiaolin (2019). "Quantum oscillations in iron-doped single crystals of the topological insulator Sb2Te3". Physical Review B. 99 (16): 165133. arXiv:1811.09445. Bibcode:2019PhRvB..99p5133Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.99.165133. S2CID 119401198.
^ Wełnic, Wojciech; Wuttig, Matthias (2008). "Reversible switching in phase-change materials". Materials Today. 11 (6): 20–27. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(08)70118-4.