Arabic typography

Design of type in the Arabic alphabet

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (March 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions.

Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consider adding a topic to this template: there are already 5,013 articles in the main category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Spanish Wikipedia article at [[:es:Tipografía árabe]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template {{Translated|es|Tipografía árabe}} to the talk page.
For more guidance, see Wikipedia:Translation.

Arabic typography is the typography of letters, graphemes, characters or text in Arabic script, for example for writing Arabic, Persian, or Urdu. 16th century Arabic typography was a by-product of Latin typography with Syriac and Latin proportions and aesthetics. It lacked expertise in the three core aspects of Arabic writing: calligraphy, style and system. Calligraphy requires aesthetically skilled writing in a chosen canonical style such as naskh, nastaʿlīq or ruqʿah. System denotes the script grammar covering such rules as horizontality and stretching.^[1]

Characteristics

Some characteristics used in Latin scripts, like bold, letter spacing^{[dubious – discuss]} or italic, are not usually used in Arabic typography.

Calligraphic style

Some Arabic computer fonts are calligraphic, for example Arial, Courier New, and Times New Roman. They look as if they were written with a brush or oblong pen, akin to how serifs originated in stone inscriptionals. Other fonts, like Tahoma and Noto Sans Arabic, use a mono-linear style more akin to sans-serif Latin scripts. Monolinear means that the lines have the same width throughout the letter.


Text example	Calligraphic (Arial)	Monolinear (Tahoma)
Eastern Arabic numerals	٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩	٠١٢٣٤٥٦٧٨٩
Abjad Hawz (ابجد هوز [arz]), an Arabic alphabet song	ابجد هوز حطي كلمن شكل الاستاذ بقى منسجمن استاذ حمام .. نحن الزغاليل	ابجد هوز حطي كلمن شكل الاستاذ بقى منسجمن استاذ حمام .. نحن الزغاليل

Overlines

Historically, Arabic text used overlines to indicate emphasis.^[2]

Slant (italic)

Some Arabic styles such as Diwani use a right-to-left downward-sloping slant.^[3]

Use of right angles

Some typefaces use more right angles, for example Noto Kufi Arabic. Others, like Tahoma and Arial, have a more rounded style (see graph below). A font with tendency towards right angles is also called 'angled',^[4] and rounded fonts are also called 'cursive'.^[5]

References

^ Thomas Milo, Arabic Typography, Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, Brill Publishers, 2013
^ Charette, François (2010). "ArabXeTeX: an ArabTeX-like interface for typesetting languages in Arabic script with XeLaTeX" (PDF). p. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
^ "TPTQ Arabic: Arabic Calligraphy and Type Design by Kristyan Sarkis". tptq-arabic.com. Archived from the original on 2022-01-29. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
^ Zoghbi, Pascal (2019-03-14). "29LT Zarid Slab : A Firm & Agile Typeface". 29LT BLOG. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2020-09-02.
^ Zoghbi, Pascal (2019-03-14). "29LT Zarid Slab : A Firm & Agile Typeface". 29LT BLOG. Archived from the original on 2020-09-22. Retrieved 2020-09-02.

Typeface anatomy	Counter Diacritics Dingbat Glyph Ink trap Ligature Rotation Subscript and superscript Swash Text figures Tittle
Capitalization	All caps Camel case Initial Letter case Small caps Snake case Title case
Visual distinction	Italics Oblique Bold Color printing Underline Blackboard bold Blackletter
Horizontal aspects	Figure space Kerning Letter-spacing Sentence spacing Space Thin space
Vertical aspects	Ascender Baseline Body height Cap height Descender Median Overshoot x-height

Typeface
classifications

Roman type	Serif Antiqua Didone slab serif Sans-serif
Blackletter type	Fraktur Rotunda Schwabacher
Gaelic type	Insular Uncial
Specialist	Record type Display typeface script fat face reverse-contrast