Battle of Tessalit
Date | 18 January–11 March 2012 (1 month, 3 weeks and 1 day) |
---|---|
Location | Tessalit, Mali |
Result | MNLA victory |
Mali
- Malian Army
Azawad
Ansar DineAQIM
El Hadj Ag Gamou
Mohamed Ould Meydou
Kassim Goita
Mohamed Ag Bachir
Yusuf Ag Bougara (POW)
Abou Al-Tayyib
Cheikh Ag Aoussa
Abdelkim Kojak
Ibah Ag Moussa
Assalat Ag Habi
107 vehicles
6 BRDM
several helicopters
300 reinforcements
30 vehicles[1]
20+ wounded
62-71 captured
21 vehicles destroyed
6 vehicles captured
2 BRDM-2 captured
1 BRDM-2 destroyed
6-8 wounded
7 captured
1 vehicle destroyed
- v
- t
- e
Tuareg rebellion (2012):
- 1st Ménaka
- 1st Aguelhok
- Tin-Hama
- In Emsal
- 1st Andéramboukane
- 1st Tessalit
- Niafunké
- Tinzaouaten
- Tinsalane
- 1st Goumakoura
- 1st Tessit
- Sudere
- 1st Kidal
- 1st Timbuktu
- 1st Gao
- 1st In-Delimane
- Tagarangabotte
- 2nd Ménaka
- Khalil
- In Arab
Foreign intervention:
- Operation Serval
- AFISMA
- Chadian military intervention
- EUTM
- MINUSMA
- Konna
- 2nd Gao
- Diabaly
- 3rd Gao
- 4th Gao
- Ifoghas
- Panther
- 5th Gao
- In Khalil
- Timetrine
- 1st Kidal attack
- Imenas
- Tin Keraten
- Tigharghâr
- 1st Djebok
- 2nd Timbuktu
- 6th Gao
- 3rd Timbuktu
- 2nd Kidal attack
- 1st Ber
- Hamakouladji
- 1st Anéfis
- 2nd Anéfis
- Fooïta
- Douaya
- 2nd Tessalit
- Amazragane
- 1st Araouane
- 3rd Kidal attack
2014
- Kondaoui
- Tamkoutat
- 1st Ametettai
- Dayet
- Inabohane and Ebahlal
- 2nd Kidal
- 2nd Aguelhok
- 3rd Anéfis
- 1st Tabankort
- 2nd Indelimane
- 2nd Ametettai
- N'Tillit
- 2nd Tabankort
2015
- 1st Nampala
- Ténenkou
- 3rd Tabankort
- Tabrichat
- Bamako restaurant
- 4th Kidal attack
- 1st Léré
- Tin Telout
- Nara
- Takoumbaout
- Sama Forest
- 1st Gourma-Rharous
- Sévaré hotel
- 4th Anéfis
- Tiébanda
- Bamako hotel
- 5th Kidal attack
- 1st Talahandak
2016
2017
- 6th Gao
- 1st Boulikessi
- 2nd Gourma-Rharous
- Foulsaré Forest
- 1st Dogofry
- 1st Serma Forest
- Bintagoungou
- Kangaba
- Inkadogotane
- 2nd Djebok
- Takellote
- 4th Timbuktu
- Tin Biden
- 3rd Indelimane
2018
- 4th In-Delimane
- Youwarou
- Soumpi
- Inaghalawass
- 2nd Araouane
- Akabar
- 5th Timbuktu
- Aklaz and Awkassa
- 1st Talataye
- Tabarde
- 1st Boni
- Inabelbel
- Soumouni
- 2nd Dogofry
- Ndaki
- 2nd Ber
- Farimake
- Tinabaw and Tabangout-Tissalatatene
- Abanguilou
2019
- Koulogon
- 2nd Serma Forest
- Taghatert and West Inekar
- 4th Aguelhok
- Elakla
- Dialloubé
- Diankabou
- 1st Dioura
- Ogossagou
- Tiésaba-Bourgou
- Guiré
- Sobane Da
- Gangafani and Yoro
- Fafa
- 2nd Boulikessi
- 5th In-Delimane
- 4th Tabankort
- 3rd Ménaka
- Wagadou Forest
2020
- Dioungani
- Sokolo
- 1st Tarkint
- 1st Bamba
- 2nd Talahandak
- Bouka Weré
- Bankass
- Coup
- Farabougou
- Sokoura
- 3rd Boulikessi
- Tadamakat
- Niaki
2021
- Wedding airstrike
- Boulikessi and Mondoro
- 2nd Boni
- 2nd Tessit
- 5th Aguelhok
- Coup
- 2nd Tarkint
- Karou and Ouatagouna
- Dangarous Forest
- Nokara
- Bodio
- Mopti
2022
- Archam
- Danguèrè Wotoro
- Mondoro
- Ménaka
- 2nd Andéramboukane
- 3rd Tessit
- 2nd Talataye
- Tadjalalt and Haroum
- Moura
- Hombori
- Mopti Region
- Diallassagou
- Bandiagara
2023
- Markacoungo
- 5th Timbuktu
- 3rd Ber
- September attacks
- Bourem
- 2nd Léré
- 2nd Dioura
- 2nd Bamba
The Amachach military base in Tessalit was defended by roughly 800 Malian soldiers commanded by Colonel Kassim Goita, with 1,500 refugees being mostly Tuareg women and children. The International Committee of the Red Cross was sent to help evacuate civilians and military families, but despite the approval of the MNLA, Malian authorities delayed the operation and it was never executed as a humanitarian source. Other Malian military forces in the region of Tessalit were led by Colonels' Didier Dacko, Ould Meydou, and the well respected Tuareg commander El Hadji Ag Gamou.[2]
Timeline
On 18 January 2012, Tessalit itself came under attack by both MNLA and Ansar Dine rebels. According to Malian soldiers, fighters from AQIM were present.[3]
On 22 January, the MNLA announced they had surrounded the Malian army base in Tessalit and expected all foreign military trainers to evacuate the premises. The Amachach military camp is located about fifteen kilometers from Tessalit itself. In a separate clash with the Malian army, two rebels were killed and a vehicle destroyed. By then, the number of MNLA fighters reached around 600 with reinforcements arriving from Libya and Niger.[1]
On February 6, the rebels evacuated people from the town of Tessalit (about 4,000 people) to bush encampments in Abamco, Savohak, Efali (Terist) and Assowa to prevent them from becoming victims of the conflict. The health situation was bad, which caused a mission of the Red Cross on February 7.[4]
On 10 February, the Malian army launched an offensive to relieve the garrison in Tessalit, after a two-week-long siege. The army deployed 107 all-terrain vehicles, six BRDM armored vehicles, and combat helicopters piloted by foreign mercenaries. The MNLA became aware of Malian army movements in the area, launching their own offensive, eventually meeting the Army in the village of Tinsalane, 20 kilometers south of Tessalit. According to the MNLA, the planned transport convoy carrying Malian soldiers from the towns of Kidal and Anefif to strengthen the garrison of Tessalit, was ambushed by a brigade of the MNLA. After several hours of fighting, Malian forces fled, leaving 17 dead and 14 prisoners, including their commander Yusuf Ag Bougara, along with six vehicles destroyed and four captured. According to residents of In-Kahlil located along the border with Algeria, dozens of rebel vehicles filled with injured fighters were accepted in Algerian hospitals. The Malian government announced the same day, that the army defeated the rebels killing a hundred and capturing 50 which differs from the MNLA's previous claim of only losing four men. The overall outcome of the confrontation is disputed over with both sides, but it seems to have been more in favor of the rebels, as a month later Tessalit fell.[2][5]
Fighting continued on 13 and 14 February, and the Malian army claimed that it have managed to enter Tessalit, then refuel the Amachach camp, which the rebels deny it happened.[6]
On 28 and 29 February, a new counteroffensive was launched by 300 soldiers of the Malian forces commanded by Colonels Didier Dacko, El Hadj Ag Gamou, and Abderahman Ould Meydou and Mohamed Ag Bachir, a former Libyan army leader. This attack on the outskirts of Tessalit was, however, repulsed by MNLA troops commanded by colonels Abdelkim Kojak, Assalat Ag Habi and Ibah Ag Moussa. On 29 February, the Malian defenders of Amachach military base launched several raids of their own in an attempt to break the rebel siege, with the elements of the outside reinforcements. The MNLA cited that none of their fighters were killed during the clashes where as the Malian army sustained losses. Clashes continued through 1 March, when the Malian army attacked MNLA positions surrounding the base, but failed in any way to diverge the rebels from the siege.[7][8][9][10]
On 2 March, the MNLA announced that a total of 32 Malian soldiers have been killed, 20 wounded, and three vehicles destroyed in clashes over the past two weeks, leaving only seven dead and seven taken as prisoners in their ranks.[11]
On 4 March, the Malian army launched a second attempt to break the rebel siege of Tessalit, with Colonels Dacko, Gamou and Meydou sending reinforcements to Tessalit, backed by combat helicopters. The attack was eventually repulsed after twelve hours of fighting, but a helicopter was able to reach the Amachach military base to help collect the dead and wounded soldiers, with some bodies already in a state of decomposing.[12] On 8 March, according to local sources in the town of In-Khalil, eight MNLA combatants died of the wounds they received in clashes with the army, with a ninth being taken to an Algerian hospital in Bordj Badji Mokhtar.
On 10 March, in the early evening, the MNLA launched their final assault on camp Amachach. Fighting continued until 11 March, when the Malian army fled their military base, leaving behind hundreds of weapons, mortars, rocket launchers, machine guns, and even tanks. Around 57 Malian soldiers, five officers (two commanders, two lieutenants, and one captain) were captured, with 10 vehicles and two BRDM's recovered. An important military arsenal along with a BRDM were both destroyed. The Malian army talked that their forces made a strategic withdrawal and evacuation of the Amachach military camp to shelter to civilians who had sought refuge and to prevent a massacre.[13]
Aftermath
After the rebel victory, the Malian army retreated to Gao taking with them close to 800 people, mostly Black Africans with only 30 being Tuareg. The MNLA released a statement promising that they will treat their prisoners according to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, with a sick Malian soldier being handed over to Algerian authorities for care and 20 military families were handed over to the International Committee of the Red Cross. The Malian government responded to their defeat by calling on the International Community, saying that the humanitarian situation is deteriorating with crimes being committed by the rebels against civilians. In the statement it also indicated, that the army fled Tessalit in part that it was unnecessary casualties to continue the prolonged battle.[12][13]
References
- ^ a b Mali Tuaregs say they control major military base
- ^ a b "Heavy fighting in north Mali, casualties reported". Reuters. 7 February 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 12 January 2013.
- ^ "Malian forces battle Tuareg rebels". News24. South African Press Association. 4 March 2012. Archived from the original on 9 November 2013. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ^ "La situation à TESSALIT - 7 février 12 HRS - Tamoudre: Touaregs, vie et survie". Archived from the original on 17 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
- ^ "Malian soldiers battle Tuareg rebels in northeast: sources". Gulf-times.com. Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 7 March 2012.
- ^ "Google Translate".
- ^ "Toute l'actualité du Nord-Mali". Archived from the original on 12 February 2014. Retrieved 3 November 2018.
- ^ "Mali: Violents combats dans la région de Tessalit". March 2012.
- ^ "Combats terribles vers Tessalit entre le MNLA et les milices Tamasheq et Maures du Mali - Your Joomla! Site".
- ^ "Ansar Adine : Le MNLA seul à contrôler toutes les villes libérées de l'occupation Malienne - Tamazgha".
- ^ http://www.mnlamov.net Archived 1 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b "Mali govt forces fail to lift garrison town siege". Reuters. 5 March 2012. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
- ^ a b "Tuareg rebels take Mali garrison town, say sources". Reuters. 12 March 2012. Archived from the original on 16 February 2013. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
20°15′26″N 0°59′28″E / 20.2572°N 0.9911°E / 20.2572; 0.9911