Copper selenide

Copper selenide
Names
IUPAC name Copper Selenide
Identifiers
CAS Number	20405-64-5
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ECHA InfoCard	100.039.799
EC Number	243-796-7
PubChem CID	6914519
UNII	44P3QN57K9
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID6066606
InChI InChI=1S/2Cu.Se Key: KTLOQXXVQYUCJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES [Cu].[Cu].[Se]
Properties
Chemical formula	Cu₂Se
Molar mass	206.063 g·mol⁻¹
Appearance	Dark blue, black
Density	6.84 g/mL^[1]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H201, H331, H373, H410
Precautionary statements	P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P340, P311, P314, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

Copper selenide is an inorganic binary compound between copper and selenium. The chemical formula depends on the ratio between the two elements, such as CuSe or Cu₂Se.

The crystalline structure and electronic behavior is determined by its elemental composition.^[2] Stoichiometric copper selenide is a zero bandgap material with metal-like behavior.^[3] Copper-deficient Cu_2-xSe (non-stoichiometric) is an intrinsic p-type semiconductor with direct and indirect bandgap energies in the range of 2.1–2.3 eV and 1.2–1.4 eV, respectively.^[4] It is frequently grown as nanoparticles or other nanostructures.^[5]^[6]^[7]

Uses

Copper selenide is produced in-situ to form a protective black coating on iron or steel parts in some cold-bluing processes.^[8] Bluing solutions that operate in this manner will typically be labeled as containing selenous acid or selenium dioxide.^[9]^[10] It has also been investigated for use in the treatment of colon cancer.^[6]

Natural occurrences

Copper selenides are the most common selenium minerals. CuSe is known in mineralogy as klockmannite,^[11] while Cu₂Se occurs as two polymorphs, berzelianite^[12] (isometric, more common) and bellidoite (tetragonal). There are more natural Cu selenides to date, including umangite, Cu₃Se₂ and athabascaite, Cu₅Se₄.^[13]

References

^ "Copper (I) selenide". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ Lanling, Zhao; Wang, Xiaolin; F. Yun, Frank (5 February 2015). "The Effects of Te2− and I− Substitutions on the Electronic Structures, Thermoelectric Performance, and Hardness in Melt-Quenched Highly Dense Cu2-xSe". Advanced Electronic Materials. 1 (3). doi:10.1002/aelm.201400015. S2CID 137099918. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
^ Tyagi, Kriti; Gahtori, Bhasker (June 2015). "Enhanced thermoelectric performance of spark plasma sintered copper-deficient nanostructured copper selenide". Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 81: 100–105. Bibcode:2015JPCS...81..100T. doi:10.1016/j.jpcs.2015.01.018.
^ C. Singh, Subhash (September 2018). "Structural and compositional control in copper selenide nanocrystals for light-induced self-repairable electrodes". Nano Energy. 51: 774–785. doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.07.020. PMC 6100260. PMID 30177955.
^ Xiao, Guanjun; Ning, Jiajia; Liu, Zhaoyang; Sui, Yongming; Wang, Yingnan; Dong, Qingfeng; Tian, Wenjing; Liu, Bingbing; Zou, Guangtian (2012). "Solution synthesis of copper selenide nanocrystals and their electrical transport properties". CrystEngComm. 14 (6): 2139. doi:10.1039/c2ce06270d.
^ ^a ^b Hessel, Colin M.; Pattani, Varun P.; Rasch, Michael; Panthani, Matthew G.; Koo, Bonil; Tunnell, James W.; Korgel, Brian A. (2011-05-10). "Copper Selenide Nanocrystals for Photothermal Therapy". Nano Letters. 11 (6): 2560–2566. Bibcode:2011NanoL..11.2560H. doi:10.1021/nl201400z. PMC 3111000. PMID 21553924.
^ Patidar, D.; Saxena, N. S. (2012-03-15). "Characterization of single phase copper selenide nanoparticles and their growth mechanism". Journal of Crystal Growth. 343 (1): 68–72. Bibcode:2012JCrGr.343...68P. doi:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2012.01.026.
^ "Room Temperature Black Oxide". Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ "Insta-Blak 333 MSDS" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ "Oxpho-Blue MSDS" (PDF). Retrieved 12 April 2016.
^ Berry, L. G. (1954). "The crystal structure of covellite, cuse and klockmannite, cuse". American Mineralogist. 39 (5–6): 504–509.
^ Harris, D. C.; Cabri, L. J.; Murray, E. J. (1970). "An occurrence of a sulphur-bearing berzelianite" (PDF). The Canadian Mineralogist: 737–740.
^ Harris, D. C.; Cabri, L. J.; Kaiman, S. (1970). "Athabascaite: A New Copper Selenide Mineral from Martin Lake, Saskatchewan". The Canadian Mineralogist. 10 (2): 207–215.