Echimyinae

A subfamily of mammals belonging to the spiny rat family of rodents

Echimyinae
Ferreira's spiny tree-rat, Mesomys hispidus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Rodentia
Parvorder: Caviomorpha
Superfamily: Octodontoidea
Family: Echimyidae
Subfamily: Echimyinae
Gray 1825 [1]
Tribes

Echimyini
Myocastorini

Echimyinae[1] is a subfamily of rodents belonging to the spiny rats family Echimyidae.[2] It contains 14 arboreal genera—all the members of the tribe Echimyini, plus Callistomys—a few terrestrial genera (Thrichomys, Hoplomys, and Proechimys), and a subaquatic genus (Myocastor).[3]

Systematics

The taxonomic content of Echimyinae has been reshaped over time, because of two realizations. The first is a better understanding of the evolution of morphological characters, leading to the recognition that key character states long used to group genera into higher units were demonstrably homoplastic. The second came from the a phylogenetic analysis of molecular sequence data.[3][4]

Comparison between molecular-based[3] and traditional[2] systematics for Echimyinae genera.
Genera Molecular-based systematics Traditional systematics
Echimys Echimyini Echimyinae
Phyllomys Echimyini Echimyinae
Makalata Echimyini Echimyinae
Pattonomys Echimyini Echimyinae
Toromys Echimyini Echimyinae
Diplomys Echimyini Echimyinae
Santamartamys Echimyini Echimyinae
Isothrix Echimyini Echimyinae
Dactylomys Echimyini Dactylomyinae
Olallamys Echimyini Dactylomyinae
Kannabateomys Echimyini Dactylomyinae
Lonchothrix Echimyini Eumysopinae
Mesomys Echimyini Eumysopinae
Callistomys Myocastorini Echimyinae
Myocastor Myocastorini Myocastoridae
Thrichomys Myocastorini Eumysopinae
Hoplomys Myocastorini Eumysopinae
Proechimys Myocastorini Eumysopinae

Phylogeny

The subfamily Echimyinae groups most of the spiny rat family's generic diversity into two tribes: Echimyini and Myocastorini.[3]

Genus-level cladogram of the Echimyinae.
Echimyinae
Myocastorini  
         

  Thrichomys (punaré)

         
         

  Callistomys (painted tree-rat)

  Myocastor (nutria)

         

  Hoplomys (armored rat)

  Proechimys

Echimyini 
         

  Isothrix

  "Eumysopines"  

  Lonchothrix
  (Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat)

  Mesomys

         
         
         
         

  Pattonomys

  Toromys
  (Giant tree-rat)

         

  Makalata

  Diplomys

  Santamartamys
  (Red-crested tree-rat)

  "Dactylomyines"  

  Kannabateomys
  (Atlantic bamboo rat)

         
The cladogram has been reconstructed from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA characters.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][4]

References

  1. ^ a b Gray, J. E. (1825). "Outline of an attempt at the disposition of the Mammalia into tribes and families with a list of the genera apparently appertaining to each tribe". Annals of Philosophy. 10: 337–344.
  2. ^ a b Woods, C.A.; Kilpatrick, C.W. (2005). "Subfamily Echimyinae". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  3. ^ a b c d Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Patton, James L.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2016). "Family Echimyidae (hutias, South American spiny-rats and coypu)". In Wilson, Don E.; Lacher, Thomas E. Jr; Mittermeier, Russell A. (eds.). Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Vol 6. Lagomorphs and Rodents I. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. pp. 552–641. ISBN 978-84-941892-3-4.
  4. ^ a b Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Upham, Nathan S.; Emmons, Louise H.; Justy, Fabienne; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Loss, Ana Carolina; Orlando, Ludovic; Tilak, Marie-Ka; Patterson, Bruce D.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2017-03-01). "Mitogenomic Phylogeny, Diversification, and Biogeography of South American Spiny Rats". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 34 (3): 613–633. doi:10.1093/molbev/msw261. ISSN 0737-4038. PMID 28025278.
  5. ^ Lara, Márcia C.; Patton, James L.; da Silva, Maria Nazareth F. (1996). "The Simultaneous Diversification of South American Echimyid Rodents (Hystricognathi) Based on Complete Cytochrome b Sequences". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 5 (2): 403–413. doi:10.1006/mpev.1996.0035. PMID 8728398.
  6. ^ Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L. (2002). "Evolution of South American spiny rats (Rodentia, Echimyidae): the star-phylogeny hypothesis revisited". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 25 (3): 455–464. doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00279-8. PMID 12450750.
  7. ^ Galewski, Thomas; Mauffrey, Jean-François; Leite, Yuri L. R.; Patton, James L.; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2005). "Ecomorphological diversification among South American spiny rats (Rodentia; Echimyidae): a phylogenetic and chronological approach". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 34 (3): 601–615. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.11.015. PMID 15683932.
  8. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2012). "Diversification and biogeography of the Neotropical caviomorph lineage Octodontoidea (Rodentia: Hystricognathi)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 417–429. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2012.01.020. PMID 22327013.
  9. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Galewski, Thomas; Tilak, Marie-ka; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P. (2013-03-01). "Diversification of South American spiny rats (Echimyidae): a multigene phylogenetic approach". Zoologica Scripta. 42 (2): 117–134. doi:10.1111/j.1463-6409.2012.00572.x. ISSN 1463-6409. S2CID 83639441.
  10. ^ Loss, Ana; Moura, Raquel T.; Leite, Yuri L. R. (2014). "Unexpected phylogenetic relationships of the painted tree rat Callistomys pictus (Rodentia: Echimyidae)" (PDF). Natureza on Line. 12: 132–136.
  11. ^ Fabre, Pierre-Henri; Vilstrup, Julia T.; Raghavan, Maanasa; Der Sarkissian, Clio; Willerslev, Eske; Douzery, Emmanuel J. P.; Orlando, Ludovic (2014-07-01). "Rodents of the Caribbean: origin and diversification of hutias unravelled by next-generation museomics". Biology Letters. 10 (7): 20140266. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0266. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 4126619. PMID 25115033.
  12. ^ Upham, Nathan S.; Patterson, Bruce D. (2015). "Evolution of Caviomorph rodents: a complete phylogeny and timetree for living genera". In Vassallo, Aldo Ivan; Antenucci, Daniel (eds.). Biology of caviomorph rodents: diversity and evolution. Buenos Aires: SAREM Series A, Mammalogical Research — Sociedad Argentina para el Estudio de los Mamíferos. pp. 63–120.
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Extant species of family Echimyidae (Spiny rats), including Myocastoridae (Coypus) and Capromyidae (Hutias)
Echimyinae
Echimyini
Dactylomys
  • Bolivian bamboo rat (D. boliviensis)
  • Amazon bamboo rat (D. dactylinus)
  • Montane bamboo rat (D. peruanus)
Diplomys
  • Colombian soft-furred spiny rat (D. caniceps)
  • Rufous soft-furred spiny rat (D. labilis)
Echimys
  • White-faced spiny tree-rat (E. chrysurus)
  • Dark spiny tree-rat (E. saturnus)
  • Vieira's spiny tree-rat (E. vieirai)
Isothrix
  • I. barbarabrownae
  • Yellow-crowned brush-tailed rat (I. bistriata)
  • Rio Negro brush-tailed rat (I. negrensis)
  • Plain brush-tailed rat (I. pagurus)
  • Sinnamary brush-tailed rat (I. sinnamariensis)
Kannabateomys
  • Atlantic bamboo rat (K. amblyonyx)
Lonchothrix
  • Tuft-tailed spiny tree-rat (L. emiliae)
Makalata
  • Red-nosed armored tree-rat (M. didelphoides)
  • Long-tailed armored tree-rat (M. macrura)
  • Dark armored tree-rat (M. obscura)
  • Peruvian armored tree-rat (M. rhipidura)
Mesomys
  • Ferreira's spiny tree-rat (M. hispidus)
  • Woolly-headed spiny tree-rat (M. leniceps)
  • Tufted-tailed spiny tree-rat (M. occultus)
  • Pará spiny tree-rat (M. stimulax)
Olallamys
  • White-tailed olalla rat (O. albicauda)
  • Greedy olalla rat (O. edax)
Pattonomys
  • Bare-tailed armored tree-rat (P. occasius)
  • Speckled spiny tree-rat (P. semivillosus)
Phyllomys
  • Golden Atlantic tree-rat (P. blainvillii)
  • Orange-brown Atlantic tree-rat (P. brasiliensis)
  • Drab Atlantic tree-rat (P. dasythrix)
  • Kerr's Atlantic tree-rat (P. kerri)
  • Pallid Atlantic tree-rat (P. lamarum)
  • Lund's Atlantic tree-rat (P. lundi)
  • Mantiqueira Atlantic tree-rat (P. mantiqueirensis)
  • Long-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. medius)
  • Blacked-spined Atlantic tree-rat (P. nigrispinus)
  • Rusty-sided Atlantic tree-rat (P. pattoni)
  • Southern Atlantic tree-rat (P. sulinus)
  • Giant Atlantic tree-rat (P. thomasi)
  • Short-furred Atlantic tree-rat (P. unicolor)
Santamartamys
  • Red-crested tree-rat (S. rufodorsalis)
Toromys
  • Giant tree-rat (T. grandis)
Myocastorini
Callistomys
  • Painted tree-rat (C. pictus)
Hoplomys
  • Armored rat (H. gymnurus)
Myocastor
  • Nutria (M. coypus)
Proechimys
group canicollis
  • Colombian spiny rat (P. canicollis)
group decumanus
  • Pacific spiny rat (P. decumanus)
group echinothrix
  • Stiff-spine spiny rat (P. echinothrix)
group gardneri
  • Gardner's spiny rat (P. gardneri)
  • Kulina spiny rat (P. kulinae)
  • Patton's spiny rat (P. pattoni)
group goeldii
  • Goeldi's spiny rat (P. goeldii)
  • Napo spiny rat (P. quadruplicatus)
  • Steere's spiny rat (P. steerei)
group guyannensis
  • Guyenne spiny rat (P. guyannensis)
  • Roberto's spiny rat (P. roberti)
group longicaudatus
  • Short-tailed spiny rat (P. brevicauda)
  • Cuvier's spiny rat (P. cuvieri)
  • Long-tailed spiny rat (P. longicaudatus)
group semispinosus
  • O'Connell's spiny rat (P. oconnelli)
  • Tome's spiny rat (P. semispinosus)
group simonsi
  • Simon's spiny rat (P. simonsi)
group trinitatus
  • Trinidad spiny rat (P. trinitatus)
  • Boyacá spiny rat (P. chrysaeolus)
  • Guaira spiny rat (P. guairae)
  • Guyanan spiny rat (P. hoplomyoides)
  • Magdalena spiny rat (P. magdalenae)
  • Minca spiny rat (P. mincae)
  • Gray-footed spiny rat (P. poliopus)
  • Sucre spiny rat (P. urichi)
Thrichomys
  • Common punaré (T. apereoides)
  • Foster's punaré (T. fosteri)
  • Highlands punaré (T. inermis)
  • Sao Lourenço punaré (T. laurentius)
  • Paraguayan punaré (T. pachyurus)
Euryzygomatomyinae
—
Clyomys
  • Broad-headed spiny rat (C. laticeps)
Euryzygomatomys
  • Brandt's guiara (E. guiara)
  • Fischer's guiara (E. spinosus)
Trinomys
  • White-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. albispinus)
  • Soft-spined Atlantic spiny rat (T. dimidiatus)
  • Elias's Atlantic spiny rat (T. eliasi)
  • Gracile Atlantic spiny rat (T. gratiosus)
  • Ihering's Atlantic spiny rat (T. iheringi)
  • Dark-caped Atlantic spiny rat (T. mirapitanga)
  • Moojen's Atlantic spiny rat (T. moojeni)
  • Mouse-tailed Atlantic spiny rat (T. myosuros)
  • Spiked Atlantic spiny rat (T. paratus)
  • Hairy Atlantic spiny rat (T. setosus)
  • Yonenaga's Atlantic spiny rat (T. yonenagae)
Incertae sedis
—
Carterodon
  • Owl's spiny rat (C. sulcidens)
Capromyinae
Capromyini
Capromys
  • Desmarest's hutia (C. pilorides)
Geocapromys
  • Jamaican coney (G. brownii)
  • Bahamian hutia (G. ingrahami)
Mesocapromys
  • Cabrera's hutia (M. angelcabrerai)
  • Eared hutia (M. auritus)
  • Black-tailed hutia (M. melanurus)
  • Dwarf hutia (M. nanus)
  • San Felipe hutia (M. sanfelipensis)
Mysateles
  • Garrido's hutia (M. garridoi)
  • Isla De La Juventud tree hutia (M. meridionalis)
  • Prehensile-tailed hutia (M. prehensilis)
Plagiodontini
Plagiodontia
  • Hispaniolan hutia (P. aedium)
Taxon identifiers
Echimyinae