Archaic Mesopotamian statue of an orant dated to c. 2700 BCE, rededicated by Eshpum, governor de Susa and vassal the king of Akkad, Manishtusu (2275โ2260 BCE), to Elamite goddess Narundi. Found in Susa. Louvre Museum, Sb 82.[1]
Reign
c. 2269โ2255 BCE
Predecessor
Luh-ishan (Awan Dynasty)
Successor
Epirmupi
Dynasty
Akkadian Governor of Elam
Susa
class=notpageimage|
Luh-isha ruled from Susa in Elam
Eshpum (๐น๐ esh18-pum, formerly read Geba) was Akkadian Governor of Elam around 2269โ2255 BCE. He was a vassal of the Akkadian Empire ruler Manishtushu.[2]
While Eshpum was in charge of Elam, another Governor of Manistushu named Ilshu-rabi was in charge of Pashime, in the coastal area.[3]
Votive statue
An archaic statue of an orant is known, which was re-dedicated about 500 years later by Eshpum.[4] It reads:
"ma-an-isz-tu-su / lugal / kish / esh18-pum / ARAD2-su / a-na / {d}na-ru-ti / a mu-na-ru For Manishtushu king of Kish, Eshpum his servant, dedicated this statue to Narundi"
โ Inscription of Eshpum on the statue of the orant. Louvre Museum Sb 82.[5][6][7]
Archaic votive statue (circa 2700 BCE) dedicated by Eshpum, with his inscription in the back
Detail of the statue.
Seal inscriptions
"Eshpum, Governor of Elam"
Another inscription of Eshpum is known, which reads "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" (๐น๐ ๐๐ผ๐ ๐๐ ๐ esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}).[8]
Seal impression with inscription "Eshpum Governor of Elam" (๐น๐ ๐๐ผ๐ ๐๐ ๐ esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}). Louvre Museum, Sb 6675.[9]
Detail of the seal impression with inscription "Eshpum Governor of Elam" (๐น๐ ๐๐ผ๐ ๐๐ ๐ esz18-pum ensi2 elam{ki}). Louvre Museum, Sb 6675.[10]
Seal of Eshpum
Seal impression, with inscription "Eshpum, Governor of Elam" (Eshpum Ensi Nim-ki)[11][12][13]
"Egigi, servant of Eshpum"
A seal only known from fragments, was made in the name of "Egigi, the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".[14][15]
"Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".[16]
"Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum".[17][18]
Egigi the fortune teller, servant of Eshpum (fragments).[19]
References
^"Sb 82 Louvre Museum". Archived from the original on 2020-06-03. Retrieved 2020-05-14.
^รlvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200โ525 BC. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
^Potts, D. T. (1999). The Archaeology of Elam: Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. Cambridge University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-521-56496-0.
^รlvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200โ525 BC. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
^รlvarez-Mon, Javier (2020). The Art of Elam CA. 4200โ525 BC. Routledge. p. 209. ISBN 978-1-000-03485-1.
^"Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravรฉes de style oriental : Musรฉe du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie รฉpigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^"Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^"Les sceaux de l'administration princiere de Suse". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravรฉes de style oriental : Musรฉe du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie รฉpigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Delaporte, Louis-Joseph (1874-1944) Auteur du texte (1920). Catalogue des cylindres, cachets et pierres gravรฉes de style oriental : Musรฉe du Louvre. Fouilles et missions / par Louis Delaporte ; avec le concours de M. Fr. Thureau-Dangin pour la partie รฉpigraphique.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Unger, Merrill F. (2014). Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-62564-606-4.