JNR Class C12

1,400 mm (55+1⁄8 in)Length11,350 mm (37 ft 2+3⁄4 in)Height3,900 mm (12 ft 9+1⁄2 in)Axle load10.90 tonnes (10.73 long tons; 12.02 short tons)Adhesive weight32.00 tonnes (31.49 long tons; 35.27 short tons)Loco weight50.05 tonnes (49.26 long tons; 55.17 short tons)Fuel capacity1.50 tonnes (1.48 long tons; 1.65 short tons)Water cap.5,500 litres (1,200 imp gal; 1,500 US gal)Firebox:​ • Grate area1.30 m² (14.0 sq ft)Boiler:
​ • Tube plates3,200 mm (10 ft 6 in) • Small tubes45 mm (1+3⁄4 in), 68 off • Large tubes127 mm (5 in), 16 offBoiler pressure14.0 kg/cm² (1.37 MPa; 199 psi)Heating surface:​ • Firebox7.4 m² (80 sq ft) • Tubes and flues46.1 m² (496 sq ft) • Total surface53.5 m² (576 sq ft)Superheater:
​ • Heating area19.8 m² (213 sq ft)CylindersTwo, outsideCylinder size400 by 610 millimetres (15+3⁄4 in × 24 in)Valve gearWalschaerts

Performance figures
Power output	505 PS (371 kW; 498 hp)
Tractive effort	81.356 kN (18,290 lbf)

Career
Operators	Japanese Government Railways Japanese National Railways North China Transport China Railway Taiwan Railways Vietnam Railways Indonesian State Railways
Class	JGR/JNR: C12 NCTC: プレA CR: PL51 TRA: CK120 VR: 131 IR: C32
Number in class	JGR/JNR: 282 NCTC: 60 CR: 60 TRA: 7 IR: 2
Numbers	JGR/JNR: C12 1–C12 282 NCTC: プレA1501−プレA1560 TRA: CK121−CK127 IR: C3201-C3202
Retired	1970 (Japan), 1971-1976 (Vietnam), 1975-1983 (China), 1982-1989 (Taiwan), 1980 (Indonesia)

The Class C12 is a type of 2-6-2T steam locomotive built by the Japanese Government Railways and the Japanese National Railways from 1932 to 1947. A total of 282 Class C12 locomotives were built and designed by Hideo Shima.

Service outside Japan

North China Transport プレA, China Railways PL51, Vietnam Railways 131

From 1938 to 1939, 60 C12s were converted to metre gauge and shipped to the North China Transportation Company, where they operated primarily between Zhengding and Taiyuan. They were classified プレA (PureA). In 1939 Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan Railway was converted to standard gauge, these locomotives removed to Datong–Puzhou Railway north section. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, they were taken over by the China Railway, where they were classified ㄆㄌ51 in 1951, and PL51 in 1959.^[1] In 1956 the Datong–Puzhou Railway north section was reconverted to standard gauge, they were transferred to Vietnam, and they were classified 131.^[2]

Taiwan Railways Administration CK120

From 1936 to 1941, the Nippon-Sharyo was built in 7 C12s for Governor-General of Taiwan Railway. After World War II, they were taken over by Taiwan Railways Administration, and they were classified CK120.^[3] CK124 is preserved at Changhua Locomotive Depot.

Indonesian State Railways Class C32

In 1943, the Imperial Japanese Army sent two locomotives, C12 94 and C12 168, to Surabaya, Java for a military transport with a 1067 mm gauge. They were based at Sidotopo depot.^[4] The original knuckle coupler were replaced with Norwegian coupler.^[5] After the war, the two locomotives were received by the Indonesian Railways and were classed as C32. The Indonesian Railways only used them as shunters for goods wagons in Surabaya area as their profile are too big for Indonesian Railways loading gauge.^[5] Both of the locomotives were scrapped around 1980s.^[4]

Preserved examples

26 Class C12 locomotives are preserved, as listed below, with four in working order.

Operational

• C12 66: Mooka Railway Mooka Line, Mooka, Tochigi (operational)^[6]
• C12 167: Wakasa Railway (operational, runs on compressed air)^[6]
• C12 244: Akechi Line (operational, runs on compressed air)^[6]
• C12 4 (CK124): Taiwan Railways, Changhua Railway Roundhouse (operational)^[6]

• 
  C12 164, April 2012

Static

• 
  C12 6 at Otaru Museum in July 2007
• 
  C12 167 in April 2013
• 
  C12 187 at Hitachi-Daigo Station in November 2010
• 
  C12 231 in front of Uchiko Station in May 2010
• 
  C12 241 in April 2013
• 
  C12 259, October 2011
• 
  C12 280 in Komatsushima Station Park in July 2016
• 
  131-428 in Da Lat Station in July 2008

See also

• Japan Railways locomotive numbering and classification
• JNR Class C58
• JNR Class C63

References

• Prayogo, Yoga Bagus; Prabowo, Yohanes Sapto; Radityo, Diaz (2017). Kereta Api di Indonesia: Sejarah Lokomotif Uap (in Indonesian). Yogyakarta: Jogja Bangkit Publisher. ISBN 978-602-0818-55-9.