Metal hydroxide

Family of chemical compounds

In chemistry, metal hydroxides are a family of compounds of the form Mn+(OH)n, where M is a metal. They consist of hydroxide (OH−) anions and metallic cations,[1] and are often strong bases. Some metal hydroxides, such as alkali metal hydroxides, ionize completely when dissolved. Certain metal hydroxides are weak electrolytes and dissolve only partially in aqueous solution.

Examples

  • Aluminium hydroxide
  • Beryllium hydroxide
  • Cobalt(II) hydroxide
  • Copper(II) hydroxide
  • Curium hydroxide
  • Gold(III) hydroxide
  • Iron(II) hydroxide
  • Mercury(II) hydroxide
  • Nickel(II) hydroxide
  • Tin(II) hydroxide
  • Uranyl hydroxide
  • Zinc hydroxide
  • Zirconium(IV) hydroxide
  • Lithium hydroxide
  • Rubidium hydroxide
  • Cesium hydroxide
  • Sodium hydroxide
  • Potassium hydroxide

Alkali metal hydroxides

Other metal hydroxides

  • Gallium(III) hydroxide
  • Lead(II) hydroxide
  • Thallium(I) hydroxide
  • Thallium(III) hydroxide

Role in soils

In soils, it is assumed that larger amounts of natural phenols are released from decomposing plant litter rather than from throughfall in any natural plant community. Decomposition of dead plant material causes complex organic compounds to be slowly oxidized (lignin-like humus) or to break down into simpler forms (sugars and amino sugars, aliphatic and phenolic organic acids), which are further transformed into microbial biomass (microbial humus) or are reorganized, and further oxidized, into humic assemblages (fulvic and humic acids), which bind to clay minerals and metal hydroxides.

References

  1. ^ Physical Science (SC) (2008 ed.). Holt, Thomas Nelson & Sons Ltd. p. 296.


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HOH He
LiOH Be(OH)2 B(OH)3 C(OH)4 N(OH)3
[NH4]+OH− 		O(OH)2 FOH Ne
NaOH Mg(OH)2 Al(OH)3 Si(OH)4 P(OH)3 S(OH)2 ClOH Ar
KOH Ca(OH)2 Sc(OH)3 Ti(OH)2
Ti(OH)3
Ti(OH)4 		V(OH)2
V(OH)3 		Cr(OH)2
Cr(OH)3 		Mn(OH)2 Fe(OH)2
Fe(OH)3 		Co(OH)2 Ni(OH)2 CuOH
Cu(OH)2 		Zn(OH)2 Ga(OH)3 Ge(OH)2 As(OH)3 Se BrOH Kr
RbOH Sr(OH)2 Y(OH)3 Zr(OH)4 Nb Mo Tc(OH)4 Ru Rh(OH)3 Pd AgOH Cd(OH)2 In(OH)3 Sn(OH)2
Sn(OH)4 		Sb(OH)3 Te(OH)6 IOH Xe
CsOH Ba(OH)2 * Lu(OH)3 Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au(OH)3 Hg(OH)2 TlOH
Tl(OH)3 		Pb(OH)2
Pb(OH)4 		Bi(OH)3 Po At Rn
FrOH Ra(OH)2 ** Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Nh Fl Mc Lv Ts Og
 
* La(OH)3 Ce(OH)3
Ce(OH)4 		Pr(OH)3 Nd(OH)3 Pm(OH)3 Sm(OH)3 Eu(OH)2
Eu(OH)3 		Gd(OH)3 Tb(OH)3 Dy(OH)3 Ho(OH)3 Er(OH)3 Tm(OH)3 Yb(OH)3
** Ac(OH)3 Th(OH)4 Pa U(OH)2
U(OH)3
UO2(OH)2 		Np(OH)3
Np(OH)4
NpO2(OH)3 		Pu Am(OH)3 Cm(OH)3 Bk Cf Es Fm Md No

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