Moscow Governorate

1708–1929 unit of Russia
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Governorate in Russian Empire
Moscow Governorate
Московская губерния
Governorate
Coat of arms of Moscow Governorate
Coat of arms
Location in the Russian Empire
Location in the Russian Empire
CountryRussian Empire
Established1708
Abolished1929
CapitalMoscow
Area
 • Total33,272.84 km2 (12,846.72 sq mi)
Population
 (1897)
 • Total2,430,581
 • Density73/km2 (190/sq mi)
 • Urban
46.67%
 • Rural
53.33%
Map of Moscow Governorate in 1873 with uyezds

The Moscow Governorate[a] was a province (guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, and the Russian Empire. It bordered by Tver Governorate to the north, Vladimir Governorate to the northeast, Ryazan Governorate to the southeast, Tula Governorate to the south, Kaluga Governorate to the southwest, and Smolensk Governorate to the west. Moscow Governorate consisted of an area of 33,272.84 square kilometres (12,846.72 sq mi) and a population of 2,430,581 in 1897. Its capital was in Moscow.

Administrative division

The counties (uezds) of the Moscow Governorate in 1897 were as follows:

County Capital Area Population
(1897 census)
Transliteration name Russian Cyrillic
Bogorodsky Богородскій Bolgorod (Noginsk) 3,068.5 square versts
(3,492.1 km2; 1,348.3 sq mi)		 222,341
Bronnitsky Бронницкій Bronnitsy 2,051 square versts
(2,334 square kilometres; 901 square miles)		 130,304
Vereysky Верейскій Vereya 1,623.3 square versts
(1,847.4 square kilometres; 713.3 square miles)		 54,074
Volokolamsky Волоколамскій Volokolamsk 2,138 square versts
(2,433 square kilometres; 939 square miles)		 80,984
Dmitrovsky Uyezd Дмитровскій Dmitrov 2,974.6 square versts
(3,385.3 square kilometres; 1,307.1 square miles)		 119,686
Zvenigorodsky Звенигородскій Zvenigorod 2,012.3 square versts
(2,290.1 square kilometres; 884.2 square miles)		 84,375
Klinsky Клинскій Klin 3,095.9 square versts
(3,523.3 square kilometres; 1,360.4 square miles)		 115,162
Kolomensky Коломенскій Kolomna 1,861.4 square versts
(2,118.4 square kilometres; 817.9 square miles)		 111,927
Mozhaysky Можайскій Mozhaysk 1,621.5 square versts
(1,845.4 square kilometres; 712.5 square miles)		 53,967
Moskovsky Московскій Moscow 2,393 square versts
(2,723 square kilometres; 1,052 square miles)		 1,203,926
Podolsky Подольскій Podolsk 2,160.4 square versts
(2,458.7 square kilometres; 949.3 square miles)		 86,311
Ruzsky Рузскій Ruza 1,984.1 square versts
(2,258.0 square kilometres; 871.8 square miles)		 55,522
Serpukhovsky Серпуховскій Serpukhov 2,252.4 square versts
(2,563.4 square kilometres; 989.7 square miles)		 112,002

History

Moscow Governorate, together with seven other governorates, was established on December 29 [O.S. December 18], 1708, by Tsar Peter the Great's edict.[1] As with the rest of the governorates, initially, neither the borders nor internal subdivisions of Moscow Governorate were defined; instead, the territory was defined as a set of cities and the lands adjacent to those cities.[2] Later, Moscow Governorate was subdivided into 13 uyezds.

Cities included into Moscow Governorate at the time of its establishment[1]
# City # City # City
1. Moscow 14. Lyubim 27. Suzdal
2. Aleksin 15. Medyn 28. Tarussa
3. Borovsk 16. Mikhaylov 29. Tsarev Borisov
4. Dedilov 17. Mozhaysk 30. Tula
5. Dmitrov 18. Obolensk 31. Veneva
6. Gremyachey 19. Pecherniki 32. Vereya
7. Kaluga 20. Pereslavl Ryazanskoy 33. Volodimir
8. Klin 21. Pereslavl Zaleskoy 34. Volokolamsk
9. Kolomna 22. Pronsk 35. Yaroslavets Maly
10. Koshira 23. Rostov 36. Yepifan
11. Kostroma 24. Ruza 37. Yuryev Polskoy
12. Krapivna 25. Serpukhov 38. Zaraysk
13. Lukh 26. Shuya 39. Zvenigorod

The governorate underwent numerous changes in the following years, and was finally abolished on January 14, 1929 when modern Moscow Oblast was created.

Demography

Language

  • Population by mother tongue according to the Imperial census of 1897.
Language Number percentage (%) males females
Russian 2,371,102 97.5 1,181,296 1,189,806
German 19,116 0.7 9,225 9,891
Polish 10,960 0.4 7,676 3,284
Jewish 5,756 0.2 3,795 1,961
Ukrainian 5,506 0.2 4,838 668
Tatar 5,469 0.2 4,492 977
French 2,621 0.1 1,035 1,586
Armenian 1,633 0.0 1,201 432
Belarusian 1,292 0.0 948 344
English 1,135 0.0 559 576
Latvian 1,018 0.0 731 287
Lithuanian 690 0.0 600 90
Czech 636 0.0 397 239
Gypsy 511 0.0 249 262
Estonian 396 0.0 243 153
Italian 374 0.0 220 154
Greek 292 0.0 241 51
Swedish 228 0.0 117 111
Chuvash 152 0.0 147 5
Komi 148 0.0 144 4
Bulgarian 110 0.0 100 10
Other 1,436 0.0 1,013 423
Total 2,430,581 100.0 1,219,267 1,211,314

Religion

  • According to the Imperial census of 1897.[3]
Religion Number percentage (%) males females
Pravoslavs[4] 2,272,145 93.5 1,139,289 1,132,856
Old Believers and others split from Pravoslavs 99,825 4.1 44,682 55,143
Lutherans 21,437 0.8 10,701 10,736
Roman Catholic 17,670 0.7 11,497 6,173
Judaism 8,704 0.3 5,400 3,304
Islam 5,605 0.2 4,678 927
Reformed 2,218 0.0 1,088 1,130
Armenian Gregorians 1,640 0.0 1,188 452
Anglicans 838 0.0 441 397
Karaites 347 0.0 210 137
Armenian Catholic Church 25 0.0 18 7
Buddhists, Lamaists 11 0.0 11 0
Mennonites 3 0.0 3 0
Other: Christian denominations 103 0.0 52 51
Other: non-Christians 10 0.0 9 1
Total 2,430,581 100.0 1,219,267 1,211,314

Notes

  1. ^ Russian: Моско́вская губе́рния, pre-reform orthography: Моско́вская губе́рнія, romanized: Moskóvskaya gubérniya

References

  1. ^ a b Указ об учреждении губерний и о росписании к ним городов (in Russian)
  2. ^ С. А. Тархов (2001). "Изменение административно-территориального деления России за последние 300 лет". Электронная версия журнала "География".
  3. ^ Religion Statistics of 1897 (in Russian)
  4. ^ Eastern Orthodox, including Russian Orthodox, Greek Orthodox, and Georgian Orthodox

Further reading

  • William Henry Beable (1919), "Governments or Provinces of the Former Russian Empire: Moscow", Russian Gazetteer and Guide, London: Russian Outlook – via Open Library
  • "Moscow (government)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 891.
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¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914.
² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914.
³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.
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