Pampatheriidae

Pampatheriidae Temporal range: Middle Miocene–Holocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Holmesina occidentalis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Cingulata
Family:	†Pampatheriidae Paula Couto 1954
Genera
Holmesina Kraglievichia Machlydotherium? Pampatherium Plaina Scirrotherium Tonnicinctus[1] Vassallia Yuruatherium

Pampatheriidae ("Pampas beasts") is an extinct family of large cingulates related to armadillos. They first appeared in South America during the mid-Miocene, and Holmesina and Pampatherium spread to North America during the Pleistocene after the formation of the Isthmus of Panama as part of the Great American Interchange. They became extinct as part of the end-Pleistocene extinctions, about 12,000 years ago.^[2]

Taxonomy

The placement of the Eocene genus Machlydotherium in the family is considered doubtful. The oldest undoubted member of the group is Scirrotherium from La Venta, Colombia, dating to the mid-Miocene.^[2]

Description

Pampatheres are believed to have attained a weight of up to 200 kg (440 lb). Like three-banded armadillos, and unlike glyptodonts, their armored shell was given some flexibility by three movable lateral bands of scutes.^[3] The osteoderms (bony plates in the skin comprising the armor) of pampatheres were each covered by a single keratinized scute, unlike osteoderms of armadillos, which have more than one scute.^[3]

A study of pampathere jaw biomechanics showed that their masticatory musculature was more powerful and more adapted for transverse movements than that of armadillos, leading to the conclusion that much of their diet was coarse vegetation. They are thought to have been primarily grazers, unlike armadillos, which are omnivorous or insectivorous.^[3] The variation between species in the expression of adaptations for grinding coarse vegetation correlates with the aridity of their habitat; such adaptations are most pronounced in Pampatherium typum, which lived in the arid Pampas, and least pronounced in Holmesina occidentalis, which lived in humid lowlands.^[4]

References

External links

• Paleodatabase

• v
• t
• e

Genera of armadillos and their extinct allies

• Kingdom: Animalia
• Phylum: Chordata
• Class: Mammalia
• Superorder: Xenarthra

Cingulata
† Noatherium † Saltatherium †Peltephilidae Anantiosodon Epipeltephilus Parapeltecoelus Peltecoelus Peltephilus Ronwolffia †Pachyarmatheriidae Neoglyptatelus Pachyarmatherium †Pampatheriidae Holmesina Kraglievichia Machlydotherium? Pampatherium Plaina Scirrotherium Tonnicinctus Vassallia Yuruatherium Dasypodidae †Acantharodeia †Amblytatus †Archaeutatus †Barrancatatus †Chasicotatus †Chorobates †Coelutatus †Eocoleophorus †Epipeltecoelus †Eutatus †Hemiutaetus †Isutaetus †Lumbreratherium †Macrochorobates †Mazzoniphractus †Meteutatus †Prodasypus †Prostegotherium †Pucatherium †Punatherium †Stenotatus †Utaetus Dasypodinae †Stegotherium †Astegotheriini Astegotherium Nanoastegotherium Parastegosimpsonia Riostegotherium Stegosimpsonia Dasypodini †Anadasypus Dasypus †Pliodasypus †Propraopus Chlamyphoridae †Proeutatus Chlamyphorinae Calyptophractus †Chlamydophractus Chlamyphorus Euphractinae Chaetophractus †Doellotatus Euphractus †Macroeuphractus †Paleurphractus †Proeuphractus †Prozaedyus Zaedyus †Glyptodontinae Andinoglyptodon Asterostemma Boreostemma Castellanosia Clypeotherium Cochlops Comaphorus Coscinocercus Daedicuroides Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Eosclerocalyptus Eucinepeltus Glyptatelus Glyptodon Glyptodontidium Glyptostracon Glyptotherium Heteroglyptodon Hoplophorus Kelenkura Lomaphorus Metopotoxus Neosclerocalyptus Neothoracophorus Neuryurus Palaehoplophorus Palaeopeltis Panochthus Paraglyptodon Parapropalaehoplophorus Phlyctaenopyga Plaxhaplous Plohophorus Prodaedicurus Propalaehoplophorus Protoglyptodon Pseudoneothoracophorus Stromaphorus Stromatherium Trachycalyptus Urotherium Xiphuroides Tolypeutinae Cabassous †Kuntinaru †Pedrolypeutes Priodontes Tolypeutes †Vetelia

This prehistoric mammal-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

• v
• t
• e