Ragadidae

Family of true flies in the superfamily Empidoidea

Ragadidae
Ragas unica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Suborder: Brachycera
Infraorder: Asilomorpha
Superfamily: Empidoidea
Family: Ragadidae
Sinclair, 2016
Subfamilies
  • Iteaphilinae
  • Ragadinae

Ragadidae is a family of true flies in the superfamily Empidoidea. It was formerly considered a lower taxon, but was published as a new subfamily within Empididae in 2016.[1] Since then, it has been classified as the sister group to Empididae, and has been elevated to family level based on the genetic differences which separate it from Empididae.[2]

Description

Photograph of right wing of a species within Ragadidae, Ragas unica

Ragadidae are similar to Empididae and Atelestidae in the sense that their genitalia have symmetrical and straight terminalia. In their wings, the point of origin of the Rs vein is located at a distance from the humeral crossvein (h) as long as, or longer than, h. There is also a circumambient costa in the wing, which distinguishes Ragadidae from Atelestidae. Furthermore, the prosternum being separated from the proepisternum sets Ragadidae aside from Empididae—this is true for all except one genera (Hydropeza spp.), which can instead be characterized through its recurved labrum. In Empididae, this labrum is straight.[2]

Systematics

Ragadidae consists of two subfamilies, Iteaphilinae and Ragadinae, in which 7 genera are included in total: Dipsomyia, Hormopeza, Hydropeza, Ragas, Zanclotus, Anthepiscopus and Iteaphila.

Based on the most recent phylogenetic studies,[2] the relationship between Ragadidae and other members of Empidoidea is as follows. The placement of Ragadidae is emphasized in bold formatting.

Atelestidae

Atelestinae

Nemedininae

Hybotidae

Bicellariinae

Dolichopodidae

Ragadidae

Iteaphilinae

Ragadinae

Empididae

Clinocerinae

Brachystomatinae

Brachystomatini

Ceratomerini

Trichopezini

Empidinae

Chelipodini

Empidini

Hemerodromiini

Hilarini

Footnotes

  1. ^ Sinclair (2016)
  2. ^ a b c Wahlberg & Johanson (2018)

References

  • doi:10.3853/j.2201-4349.68.2016.1657
  • Wahlberg, E. & Johanson, K.A. (2018): Molecular phylogenetics reveals novel relationships within Empidoidea (Diptera). Systematic Entomology 43(4): 619–636. doi:10.1111/syen.12297

External links

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Extant Diptera families
Suborder Nematocera
Axymyiomorpha
Culicomorpha
Culicoidea
  • Dixidae (meniscus midges)
  • Corethrellidae (frog-biting midges)
  • Chaoboridae (phantom midges)
  • Culicidae (mosquitoes)
Chironomoidea
  • Thaumaleidae (solitary midges)
  • Simuliidae (black flies)
  • Ceratopogonidae (biting midges)
  • Chironomidae (non-biting midges)
Blephariceromorpha
  • Blephariceridae (net-winged midges)
  • Deuterophlebiidae (mountain midges)
  • Nymphomyiidae
Bibionomorpha
Bibionoidea
  • Bibionidae (march flies, lovebugs)
Anisopodoidea
  • Anisopodidae (wood gnats)
Sciaroidea
(fungus gnats)
Perissommatomorpha
Psychodomorpha
Scatopsoidea
Psychodoidea
  • Psychodidae (moth flies)
Ptychopteromorpha
  • Ptychopteridae (phantom crane flies)
  • Tanyderidae (primitive crane flies)
Tipulomorpha
Trichoceroidea
  • Trichoceridae (winter crane flies)
Tipuloidea
(crane flies)
  • Cylindrotomidae (long-bodied crane flies)
  • Limoniidae (limoniid crane flies)
  • Pediciidae (hairy-eyed craneflies)
  • Tipulidae (large crane flies)
Suborder Brachycera
Asilomorpha
Asiloidea
Empidoidea
Nemestrinoidea
  • Acroceridae (small-headed flies)
  • Nemestrinidae (tangle-veined flies)
Muscomorpha
Aschiza
Platypezoidea
  • Ironomyiidae (ironic flies)
  • Lonchopteridae (spear-winged flies)
  • Opetiidae (flat-footed flies)
  • Phoridae (scuttle flies, coffin flies, humpbacked flies)
  • Platypezidae (flat-footed flies)
Syrphoidea
  • Pipunculidae (big-headed flies)
  • Syrphidae (hoverflies)
Schizophora
Acalyptratae
Conopoidea
  • Conopidae (thick-headed flies)
Tephritoidea
  • Pallopteridae (flutter flies)
  • Piophilidae (cheese flies)
  • Platystomatidae (signal flies)
  • Pyrgotidae
  • Richardiidae
  • Tephritidae (peacock flies)
  • Ulidiidae (picture-winged flies)
Nerioidea
  • Cypselosomatidae
  • Micropezidae (stilt-legged flies)
  • Neriidae (cactus flies, banana stalk flies)
Diopsoidea
Sciomyzoidea
Sphaeroceroidea
Lauxanioidea
Opomyzoidea
Ephydroidea
  • Camillidae
  • Curtonotidae (quasimodo flies)
  • Diastatidae (bog flies)
  • Drosophilidae (vinegar and fruit flies)
  • Ephydridae (shore flies)
  • Mormotomyiidae (frightful hairy fly)
Carnoidea
Lonchaeoidea
Calyptratae
Muscoidea
  • Anthomyiidae (cabbage flies)
  • Fanniidae (little house flies)
  • Muscidae (house flies, stable flies)
  • Scathophagidae (dung flies)
Oestroidea
Hippoboscoidea
  • Glossinidae (tsetse flies)
  • Hippoboscidae (louse flies)
  • Nycteribiidae (bat flies)
  • Streblidae (bat flies)
Stratiomyomorpha
Stratiomyoidea
  • Pantophthalmidae (timber flies)
  • Stratiomyidae (soldier flies)
  • Xylomyidae (wood soldier flies)
Tabanomorpha
Rhagionoidea
Tabanoidea
Vermileonomorpha
Vermileonoidea
Xylophagomorpha
Xylophagoidea
  • Xylophagidae (awl flies)
Taxon identifiers
Ragadidae


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