Silver acetate

Chemical compound with formula AgC₂H₃O₂

Silver acetate
Names


IUPAC name Silver(I) acetate
Systematic IUPAC name Silver(I) ethanoate
Other names Acetic acid, silver(I) salt Silver ethanoate Argentous acetate Argentous ethanoate
Identifiers
CAS Number	563-63-3^Y
3D model (JSmol)	ionic monomer: Interactive image coordination dimer without Ag-Ag bond: Interactive image coordination dimer with Ag-Ag bond: Interactive image
ChemSpider	10772^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.008.414
EC Number	209-254-9
PubChem CID	11246
RTECS number	AJ4100000
UNII	19PPS85F9H^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8032041
InChI InChI=1S/C2H4O2.Ag/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1^Y Key: CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M^Y InChI=1/C2H4O2.Ag/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 Key: CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-REWHXWOFAJ
SMILES ionic monomer: CC(=O)[O-].[Ag+] coordination dimer without Ag-Ag bond: C[C-]0O[Ag+]O[C-](C)O[Ag]O0 coordination dimer with Ag-Ag bond: C[C-]0O[Ag+]1O[C-](C)O[Ag]1O0
Properties
Chemical formula	AgC₂H₃O₂
Molar mass	166.912 g/mol
Appearance	white to slightly grayish powder slightly acidic odor
Density	3.26 g/cm³, solid
Melting point	220 °C (428 °F; 493 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water	1.02 g/100 mL(20 °C)
Solubility product (K_sp)	1.94×10⁻³^[1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	−60.4·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:^[2]
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H315, H319, H335, H400
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Silver acetate is a coordination compound with the empirical formula CH₃CO₂Ag (or AgC₂H₃O₂). A photosensitive, white, crystalline solid, it is a useful reagent in the laboratory as a source of silver ions lacking an oxidizing anion.

Synthesis and structure

Silver acetate can be synthesized by the reaction of acetic acid and silver carbonate.^[3]

2 CH₃CO₂H + Ag₂CO₃ → 2 AgO₂CCH₃ + H₂O + CO₂

Solid silver acetate precipitates upon concentration of solutions of silver nitrate and sodium acetate.

The structure of silver acetate consists of 8-membered Ag₂O₄C₂ rings formed by a pair of acetate ligands bridging a pair of silver centres.^[4]

Reactions

Silver acetate finds use in certain transformations in organic synthesis.^[5]

Sulfenamide synthesis

Silver acetate is used to prepare sulfenamides from disulfides and secondary amines:^[5]

R₂NH + AgOAc + (RS)₂ → R₂NSR + AgSR + HOAc

Hydrogenation

A solution of silver acetate in pyridine absorbs hydrogen, producing metallic silver:^[6]

2 CH₃CO₂Ag + H₂ → 2 Ag + 2 CH₃CO₂H

Direct ortho-arylation

Silver acetate is a reagent for direct ortho-arylation (to install two adjacent substituents on an aromatic ring) of benzylamines and N-methylbenzylamines. The reaction is palladium-catalyzed and requires a slight excess of silver acetate.^[7] This reaction is shorter than previous ortho-arylation methods.

Oxidative dehalogenation

Silver acetate can be used to convert certain organohalogen compounds into alcohols. It may be used, in spite of its high cost, in instances where a mild and selective reagent is desired.

Woodward cis-hydroxylation

Silver acetate in combination with iodine forms the basis of the Woodward cis-hydroxylation. This reaction selectively converts an alkene into a cis-diol.^[8]

Uses

In the health field, silver acetate-containing products have been used in gum, spray, and lozenges to deter smokers from smoking. The silver in these products, when mixed with smoke, creates an unpleasant metallic taste, thus deterring them from smoking. Lozenges containing 2.5 mg of silver acetate showed "modest efficacy" on 500 adult smokers tested over a three-month period. However, over a period of 12 months, prevention failed. In 1974, silver acetate was first introduced in Europe as an over-the-counter smoking-deterrent lozenge (Repaton) and then three years later as a chewing gum (Tabmint).^[9]

Silver acetate is also a well known precursor used in printed electronics. Particularly, complexes of silver acetate have been reported to form particle free "reactive inks" that form traces that approach bulk silver conductivity (within one order of magnitude).^[10]

Safety

The LD₅₀ of silver acetate in mice is 36.7 mg/kg. Low doses of silver acetate in mice produced hyper-excitability, ataxia, central nervous system depression, labored breathing, and even death.^[11] The U.S. FDA recommends that silver acetate intake be limited to 756 mg over a short period of time; excessive intake may cause argyria.^[9]^[12]

References

^ John Rumble (June 18, 2018). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (99 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 5–189. ISBN 978-1138561632.
^ "Silver acetate". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 15 December 2021.
^ Logvinenko, V.; Polunina, O.; Mikhailov, Yu; Mikhailov, K.; Bokhonov, B. (2007). "Study of Thermal Decomposition of Silver Acetate". Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 90 (3): 813–816. doi:10.1007/s10973-006-7883-9. S2CID 96769867.
^ Olson, Leif P.; Whitcomb, David R.; Rajeswaran, Manju; Blanton, Thomas N.; Stwertka, Barbara J. (2006). "The Simple Yet Elusive Crystal Structure of Silver Acetate and the Role of the Ag−Ag Bond in the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles during the Thermally Induced Reduction of Silver Carboxylates". Chemistry of Materials. 18 (6): 1667–1674. doi:10.1021/cm052657v.
^ ^a ^b Mary K. Balmer; Brian A. Roden; Dave G. Seapy (2008). "Silver(I) Acetate". Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rs013m.pub2. ISBN 978-0471936237.
^ Wright, Leon; Well, Sol; Mills, G.A. (1955). "Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation III. Activation of Hydrogen by Cuprous and Silver Acetates in Pyridine and Dodecylamine". Journal of Physical Chemistry. 59 (10): 1060–1064. doi:10.1021/j150532a016.
^ Lazareva, Anna; Daugulis, Olafs (2006). "Direct Palladium-Catalyzed Ortho-Arylation of Benzylamines". Organic Letters. 8 (23): 5211–5213. doi:10.1021/ol061919b. PMID 17078680.
^ Woodward, R. B.; Brutcher, F. V. (January 1958). "cis-Hydroxylation of a Synthetic Steroid Intermediate with Iodine, Silver Acetate and Wet Acetic Acid". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 80 (1): 209–211. doi:10.1021/ja01534a053.
^ ^a ^b Hymowitz, Norman; Eckholdt, Haftan (1996). "Effects of a 2.5-mg Silver Acetate Lozenge on Initial and Long-Term Smoking Cessation". Journal of Preventive Medicine. 25 (5): 537–546. doi:10.1006/pmed.1996.0087. PMID 8888321.
^ "Reactive Silver Inks for High-Performance Printed Electronics". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2019-08-11.
^ Horner, Heidi C.; Roebuck, B.D.; Smith, Roger P.; English, Jackson P. (1977). "Acute toxicity of some silver salts of sulfonamides in mice and the efficacy of penicillamine in silver poisoning". Drug and Chemical Toxicology. 6 (3): 267–277. doi:10.3109/01480548309017817. PMID 6628259.
^ E. J. Jensen; E. Schmidt; B. Pedersen; R. Dahl (1991). "Effect on smoking cessation of silver acetate, nicotine and ordinary chewing gum, Influence of smoking history". Psychopharmacology. 104 (4): 470–474. doi:10.1007/BF02245651. PMID 1780416. S2CID 1411297.