Lord chancelier d'Irlande

Les fonctions de Lord High Chancellor of Ireland (plus communément appelé Lord Chancellor of Ireland) ont été les plus hautes fonctions judiciaires d'Irlande jusqu'à la création de l'État libre d'Irlande en 1922. De 1721 à 1801, il s'agissait également de la plus haute fonction politique. Parlement : le chancelier était président de la Chambre des lords irlandaise. Le lord chancelier était également Lord Keeper du grand Sceau d'Irlande. À tous les égards, ses fonctions sont les mêmes que celles du Lord High Chancellor de Grande-Bretagne.

Lord chancelier d'Irlande, 1186–1922

XIIe siècle

  • Stephen Ridell. Nommé en 1186[1] (premier chancelier)

XIIIe siècle

  • John de Worchley (1219–1234)[1]
  • Ralph Neville (1234–1235). Aussi lord grand chancelier, évêque de Chichester et archevêque de Cantorbéry.
  • Alan de Sanctafide (1235–1237)
  • Geoffrey de Turville (1237)
  • Ralph de Norwich (1237–1238)
  • Robert Luttrell (1238–1245)
  • William Welwood (1245–1259)
  • Fromund Le Brun (1259–1283). il est élu Archbishop de Dublin, but son élection est contesté par William de la Corner de 1271 à 1279. Nicolas III a déclaré les deux élections nulles en 1279[1].
  • Walter de Fulburn (1283–1288)
  • William Le Buerlaco (1288–1292)
  • Thomas Cantock, Bishop of Emly (1292–1294)
  • Adam de Wodington. Nommé en 1294

XIVe siècle

  • Thomas Cantock, Bishop of Emly (1306–1308)
  • Adam de Wodington (1308). Le même que ci-dessus.
  • Richard de Beresford. Deputy in 1307, chancelier in 1308
  • Walter de Thornbury, mort en 1313 : alors qu'il voyageait à Avignon, son navire a été coulé dans une tempête et il s'est noyé.
  • Stephen Riddel (c. 1313–1318).
  • William FitzJohn, Bishop of Ossory (1318– 1320)
  • Roger Utlagh, Prieur de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem, Kilmainham. Nommé en 1321.
  • Adam Limberg (1330–1334)[2]
  • William, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Kilmainham (?1331–)[2]
  • Alexander de Bicknor, Primate of Ireland (c. 1335 – ?1337)
  • Thomas Charlton, Évêque de Hereford (1337–1338)[3].
  • Robert de Henningsberg (1338–)[2]
  • Robert de Askeby (1340–)[2]
  • John L'Archers, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. Appointed in 1343.
  • John Morice. c. 1344[4]
  • William de Bromley[5]
  • John de St Paul, Archbishop of Dublin (1350–1356)[6]
  • Richard d'Askeaton (1356)[2]
  • John Frowyk, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1357–1359)
  • Thomas de Burley, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1359–1364)
  • Robert de Ashton (1364)
  • Thomas le Reve, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore (1367-1368)
  • Thomas de Burley, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1368–1371)
  • John de Bothby (1371–1374)
  • William Tany, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1374–1377)[7].
    • John Keppock, Lord Keeper in the absence of William Tany to Jerusalem
  • Robert Wikeford or de Wikeford, Archbishop of Dunlin and Primate of Ireland (1377–1379)
  • John Colton, Deans of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin (1379–1382). Later Archbishop of Armagh[8].
  • William Tany, Prior of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem (1382–1385). The same as above[7].
  • Ralph Cheyne (1383-4)
  • Alexander de Balscot, Bishop of Ossory (1385–1388)[9].
  • Robert Preston, 1st Baron Gormanston 1388
  • Richard Plunkett (1388–1393)
  • Richard Northalis, Bishop of Ossory (1393–1397). Also Primate of Ireland from 1395 to his death.
  • Robert Braybrooke, Bishop of London (1397)

XVe siècle

  • Thomas Cranley, Primate of Ireland (1401–1410)[9]
    • Sir Laurence Merbury, Deputy Chancellor (1403–1410), who exercised the duties of Chancellor while Cranley was too ill to do so[9].
  • Patrick Barrett, Bishop of Ferns (1410–1412)[9]
  • Thomas Le Boteller, Prior of Kilmainham. Lord Keeper (1412–1413). The name of his family would change to Butler.
    • Robert Sutton, Deputy Chancellor (1412–1413)
  • Thomas Cranley, Primate of Ireland (1413–1417) (second term)[9]
  • Sir Laurence Merbury (1417) (second term)[9]
  • William Fitz Thomas, Prior of Kilmainham (c. 1417–1418)[9]
  • William Yonge, Archdeacon of Meath (c. 1418–1419)[9]
  • Richard Talbot, Primate of Ireland (1423–1426)[9]
  • William Fitz Thomas (1426) (second term)[9]
  • Sir Richard FitzEustace (1426)[9]
  • Richard Talbot, Primate of Ireland (1426–1441)
  • Thomas Chase (1441–1446)[9]
  • Richard Wogan (1446–1449), Lord Chancellor[9]
    • William Chevir (1446–1449), Deputy Chancellor
  • Walter Devereux (1449–1451)
  • Edmund, Earl of Rutland (1451–1460). Lord Chancellor, a minor who acted through Edmund Oldhall[9].
    • Edmund Oldhall (1451–1454), Bishop of Meath, Deputy Chancellor, who exercised the duties of the office of Chancellor since Rutland was under age
    • John Talbot, later 2nd Earl of Shrewsbury (1454–1460). Deputy Chancellor, exercised the duties of the office.
  • John Dynham (1460–1461), Lord Chancellor[9]
    • Sir Robert Preston, 1st Viscount Gormanston, Deputy Chancellor
  • Sir William Welles (1461–1462)[10]
  • John Tiptoft, 1st Earl of Worcester (1462–1463). By decree of Edward IV of England he held the title of Lord Chancellor for life. He continued receiving the salary of the position and exercising some of its functions until his death in 1470.
  • Thomas FitzGerald, 7th Earl of Kildare (c. 1463 – 1468). By decree of Edward IV of England he held the title of Lord Chancellor for life. He continued receiving the salary of the position and exercising some of its functions until his death in 1478[11].
  • Robert Allanstown (1468–1469)
  • William Dudley (1469–1472)
  • Joint Lord Chancellors of Ireland (1472–1477)
    • Robert FitzEustace
    • John Taxton
  • Gilbert Debenham (1474)
  • Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester (1474–1480)[12]
  • William Sherwood, Bishop of Meath (1480–1482)[13]
  • Robert St Lawrence, 3rd Baron Howth (May 1483, but probably died a few months later)[14]
  • Sir Thomas FitzGerald of Laccagh (c.1483 – 1487)
  • Rowland FitzEustace, 1st Baron Portlester (1487–1492). The same as above[12].
  • Alexander Plunket (1492–1494)
  • Henry Deane (1494–1495)
  • Walter Fitzsimon, Primate of Ireland (1496–1511)

XVIe siècle

  • William Rokeby, Primate of Ireland (1512–1513)
  • Sir William Compton (1513–1515)
  • William Rokeby, Primate of Ireland (1515–1521). The same as above.
  • Hugh Inge, Primate of Ireland (1522–1528)
  • John Alen, Primate of Ireland (1528–1532)
  • George Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh (1532–1534)
  • John Barnewall, 3rd Baron Trimlestown (1534–1538)
  • Sir John Alan (1538–1546, 1548–1551). Lord Keeper from 1538 to 1539, Lord Chancellor from 1539 to 1546: removed but later reinstated.
  • Sir Thomas Cusack 1 May 1546 (Lord Keeper)[15]
  • Sir Richard Reade (6 December 1546 – 1548)
  • Sir John Alan (1548–1551)
  • Sir Thomas Cusack (1551–1554)[15]
  • Sir William Fitzwilliam, Lord Keeper (1554)
  • Archbishop Hugh Curwen (1555–1567). Lord Chancellor from 1555 to 1558, Lord Keeper from 1558 to 1559, Lord Chancellor from 1559 to 1567.
  • Doctor Robert Weston (1567–1573)
  • Archbishop Adam Loftus (Lord Keeper) (1573–1576)[16]
  • Sir William Gerard (1576–1581)
  • Archbishop Adam Loftus (1581–1605) the same as the above[16].

XVIIe siècle

  • Commissaires du grand sceau d'Irlande(1605)
    • Thomas Jones, Bishop of Meath
    • Sir James Ley LCJ
    • Sir Edmund Pelham LCB
    • Sir Anthony St Leger MR
  • Archbishop Thomas Jones (1605–1619)
  • Commisaires du grand sceau d'Irlande(1619)
    • Sir William Jones LCJ
    • Sir William Methold LCB
    • Sir Francis Aungier MR
  • Adam Loftus (1er vicomte Loftus) (1619–1639)[17]
  • Sir Richard Bolton (1639 – November 1648)
  • Commissaire du grand sceau (14 June 1655−1656)[18]
    • Richard Pepys LCJ, commissaire en chef (1655–1656)
    • Gerard Lowther LCJCP, Second commissaire (1655–1656)
    • Miles Corbet LCB, troisième commissaire (1655–1656)
  • William Steele (1656–1660)
  • Maurice Eustace (1660–1665)[19]
  • Michael Boyle (1665–1686)
  • Sir Charles Porter (1686–1687)
  • Sir Alexander Fitton (1687–1690)
  • Commissioners of the Great Seal of Ireland (1690)
    • Sir Richard Pyne (1690)
    • Sir Richard Ryves (1690)
    • Robert Rochfort (1690)
  • Charles Porter (second mandat) (29 December 1690 – 1696)
  • Commissaires du grand sceau d'Irlande (1696–1697)
    • Sir John Jeffreyson
    • Thomas Coote
    • Nehemiah Donnellan
  • John Methuen (11 mars 1697 – 1703)

XVIIIe siècle

  • Richard Cox (1er baronnet) (1703–1707)
  • Richard Freeman (11 June 1707 – 1710)
  • Commissaires du grand sceau d'Irlande (1710–1)
    • Robert FitzGerald (19e comte de Kildare)
    • William King (archevêque)
    • Thomas Keightley
  • Constantine Henry Phipps ( – )[20]
  • Alan Brodrick (1er vicomte Midleton) ( – 1725)
  • Richard West ( – 1726)[21]
  • Thomas Wyndham (1er baron Wyndham) ( – 1739)[21]
  • Robert Jocelyn (1er vicomte Jocelyn) ( – )[22]
  • John Bowes (1er baron Bowes) ( – )(Attorney-General, 1739–41)
  • James Hewitt (1er vicomte Lifford) ( – )
  • Commissaires du grand sceau d'Irlande (1789)
    • Archbishop Robert Fowler
    • Hugh Carleton (1er vicomte Carleton) LCJCP
    • Sir Samuel Bradstreet
  • John FitzGibbon (1er comte de Clare) ( – )

XIXe siècle

  • The Lord Redesdale ( – 1806)
  • George Ponsonby ( – 1807)
  • Lord Manners ( – 1827)
  • Sir Anthony Hart (– )
  • William Plunket (1er baron Plunket) ( – )(Attorney-General, 1805–07 and 1822–27)
  • Edward Sugden (1er baron St Leonards) ( – )
  • William Plunket (1er baron Plunket) ( – 1841)
  • John Campbell (1er baron Campbell) ()
  • Edward Sugden (1er baron St Leonards) ( – 1846)
  • Maziere Brady ( – 1852)(Attorney-General, 1839–40)[23]
  • Francis Blackburne (1852)(Attorney-General 1831-34 and 1841–42)
  • Maziere Brady (1852–1858)[24]
  • Joseph Napier (baronnet) (1858–1859)(Attorney-General, 1852)
  • Maziere Brady (1859–1866)[24]
  • Francis Blackburne (1866–1867)
  • Abraham Brewster (Attorney-General, 1853–55)(1867–1868)
  • Thomas O'Hagan (1er baron O'Hagan) (1868–1874)[25]
  • Commissaires du grand sceau d'Irlande (1874–1875)
    • Joseph Napier (baronnet), Chief Commissioner (1874–1875)
    • James Anthony Lawson (1874–1875)
    • William Brooke (1874–1875)
  • John Ball (1875–1880)(sitting Attorney-General)[25]
  • Thomas O'Hagan (1er baron O'Hagan) (1880–1881)(see above)[25]
  • Hugh Law (1881–1883)(sitting Attorney-General)[25]
  • Sir Edward Sullivan (1er baronnet) (1883–1885)(Attorney-General, 1868)[25]
  • John Naish (1885)(sitting Attorney-General)[25]
  • Edward Gibson (1er baron Ashbourne) (1885–1886)(Attorney-General, 1877–80)[26]
  • John Naish (1886)[25]
  • Edward Gibson (1er baron Ashbourne) (1886–1892)(see above)[27]
  • Sir Samuel Walker (1er baronnet) (1892–1895)(Attorney-General, February–August 1886)[25]
  • Edward Gibson (1er baron Ashbourne) ( – 1905)(see above)[27]

XXe siècle

  • Sir Samuel Walker (12 December 1905 – 1911) (see above)
  • Redmond Barry (26 September 1911 – 1913) (sitting Attorney-General)[28]
  • Sir Ignatius O'Brien (10 April 1913 – 1918) (sitting Attorney-General)[29]
  • Sir James Campbell (4 June 1918 – 1921) (Attorney-General, 1905 and 1916–17)[30]
  • Sir John Ross (27 June 1921 – 1922)[31]

Notes et références

  1. ↑ a b et c Ball p. 6
  2. ↑ a b c d et e The history of the Lord Chancellors of Ireland from A.D. 1186 to A.D. 1874
  3. ↑ Otway-Ruthven, A.J. History of Medieval Ireland Barnes and Noble reissue 1993 p. 256
  4. ↑ Ball p. 79
  5. ↑ "The History and Antiquities of the Collegiate and Cathedral Church of St. Patrick Near Dublin, from it Foundation in 1190, to the Year 1819: Comprising a Topographical Account of the Lands and Parishes Appropriated to the Community of the Cathedral, and to Its Members, and Biographical Memoirs of Its Deans" Mason, W.M. p122:Dublin, W.Folds, 1820
  6. ↑ Ball p. 80
  7. ↑ a et b Otway-Ruthven p. 302
  8. ↑ Otway-Ruthven p. 3i6
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n et o Ball p. 98
  10. ↑ Otway-Ruthven p. 370
  11. ↑ Otway-Ruthven, p.386
  12. ↑ a et b Otway-Ruthven p. 389
  13. ↑ Otway-Ruthven p. 391
  14. ↑ Dictionary of National Biography, article on St. Lawrence.
  15. ↑ a et b Ball p. 130
  16. ↑ a et b Ball p. 131
  17. ↑ Ball p. 250
  18. ↑ James Roderick O'Flanagan,The lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of Ireland, 1870, page 345
  19. ↑ Ball p. 272
  20. ↑ O'Flanagan pp. 536–541
  21. ↑ a et b Ball Vol. 2 p. 101
  22. ↑ Ball Vol. 2 p. 127
  23. ↑ Delaney, V.T.H. Christopher Palles Allen Figgis and Co Dublin 1960 p.29
  24. ↑ a et b Delaney p. 29
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g et h Delaney p. 177
  26. ↑ Healy, Maurice The Old Munster Circuit 1939 Mercier Press edition p. 27
  27. ↑ a et b Healy p. 27
  28. ↑ Healy p. 105
  29. ↑ Healy p. 188
  30. ↑ Healy p. 242
  31. ↑ Healy p. 263
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