Marshall McLuhan

Herbert Marshall McLuhan, lebih dikenal sebagai Marshall McLuhan (21 Juli 1911 – 31 Desember 1980) adalah seorang ilmuwan komunikasi dan kritikus asal Edmonton, Kanada.^[1] Ia populer karena konsepnya tentang desa global (global village), teori medium adalah pesan (medium is the message) dan prediksinya tentang World Wide Web, 30 tahun sebelum hal tersebut ditemukan.^[1][2]

Pemikiran Marshall McLuhan

Desa global

McLuhan menggunakan istilah ini dalam bukunya yang berjudul The Guttenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man pada tahun 1962 dan dalam buku Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man pada tahun 1964.^[2] Istilah ini ia gunakan untuk menggambarkan bagaimana teknologi komunikasi elektronik mengecilkan bumi menjadi sebuah desa melalui informasi yang instan dan tersedia di mana saja serta kapan saja.^[2] Saat ini orang mengacu pada sebuah desa global ketika mereka menggambarkan efek dari World Wide Web.^[2]

Medium adalah pesan

McLuhan menyatakan bahwa media tidak hanya mempengaruhi masyarakat dari konten yang disampaikan melalui media, tetapi juga oleh karakteristik media itu sendiri.^[2]

Media panas dan media dingin (hot and cool media)

Media dingin membutuhkan keterlibatan konsumen yang tinggi.^[2] Surat kabar, majalah, buku, permainan video, dan internet termasuk dalam media dingin karena khalayak bersifat lebih aktif.^[2] Sementara itu, dalam media panas keterlibatan konsumen rendah. Radio, televisi dan film merupakan contoh dari media panas karena khalayak bersifat pasif.^[2]

Karya tulis

Berikut adalah sebagian karya tulis yang melibatkan McLuhan.

By McLuhan

• 1951 The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man; 1st ed.: The Vanguard Press, NY; reissued by Gingko Press, 2002. ISBN 1-58423-050-9.
• 1962 The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man; 1st ed.: University of Toronto Press; reissued by Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-1818-5.
• 1964 Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man; 1st ed. McGraw Hill, NY; reissued by MIT Press, 1994, with introduction by Lewis H. Lapham; reissued by Gingko Press, 2003. ISBN 1-58423-073-8.
• 1967 The Medium is the Massage: An Inventory of Effects with Quentin Fiore, produced by Jerome Agel; 1st ed.: Random House; reissued by Gingko Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58423-070-3.
• 1968 War and Peace in the Global Village design/layout by Quentin Fiore, produced by Jerome Agel; 1st ed.: Bantam, NY; reissued by Gingko Press, 2001. ISBN 1-58423-074-6.
• 1970 From Cliché to Archetype with Wilfred Watson; Viking, NY. ISBN 0-670-33093-0.
• 1988 McLuhan, Marshall and Eric. Laws of Media. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-5782-9.
• 2016 Marshall McLuhan and Robert K. Logan. "The Future of the Library: From Electronic Media to Digital Media." Peter Lang. ISBN 9781433132643.

Tentang McLuhan

• Coupland, Douglas. Extraordinary Canadians: Marshall McLuhan. Penguin Canada, 2009; US edition: Marshall McLuhan: You Know Nothing of my Work!. Atlas & Company, 2011.
• Gordon, W. Terrence. Marshall McLuhan: Escape into Understanding: A Biography. Basic Books, 1997. ISBN 0-465-00549-7.
• Robert K. Logan. McLuhan Misunderstood: Setting the Record Straight. Toronto: Key Publishing House, 2013.
• Marchand, Philip. Marshall McLuhan: The Medium and the Messenger. Random House, 1989; Vintage, 1990; The MIT Press; Revised edition, 1998. ISBN 0-262-63186-5^[3]
• Molinaro, Matie; Corinne McLuhan; and William Toye, eds. Letters of Marshall McLuhan. Toronto: Oxford University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-19-540594-3

Referensi

Bacaan lebih lanjut

• Benedetti, Paul and Nancy DeHart. Forward Through the Rearview Mirror: Reflections on and by Marshall McLuhan. Boston:The MIT Press, 1997.
• Bobbitt, David. "Teaching McLuhan: Understanding Understanding Media." Enculturation, December, 2011. http://www.enculturation.net/teaching-mcluhan
• Carpenter, Edmund. "That Not-So-Silent Sea" [Appendix B]. In The Virtual Marshall McLuhan edited by Donald F. Theall. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001: 236–261. (For the complete essay before it was edited for publication, see the external link below.)
• Cavell, Richard. McLuhan in Space: A Cultural Geography. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
• Daniel, Jeff. "McLuhan's Two Messengers: Maurice McNamee and Walter Ong: world-class interpreters of his ideas." St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Sunday, August 10, 1997: 4C).
• Federman, Mark. McLuhan for Managers: New Tools for New Thinking. Viking Canada, 2003.
• Finkelstein, Sidney Walter. "Sense and Nonsense of McLuhan." International Publishers Co, 1968.
• Flahiff, F. T. Always Someone to Kill the Doves: A Life of Sheila Watson. Edmonton: NeWest Press, 2005.
• Giddings, Seth. The New Media and Technocultures Reader. Routledge, 2011:82-91
• Havers, Grant N. "Marshall McLuhan and the Machiavellian Use of Religious Violence." In Faith, War, and Violence. Vol. 39 of Religion and Public Life, edited by Gabriel R. Ricci. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2014. pp. 179–203.
• Levinson, Paul. Digital McLuhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0-415-19251-X; book has been translated into Japanese, Chinese, Croatian, Romanian, Korean and Macedonian
• Logan, Robert K.. Understanding New Media: Extending Marshall McLuhan. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1st edition 2010, 2nd edition 2016.
• Logan, Robert K.. McLuhan Misunderstood: Setting the Record Straight". Toronto: The Key Publishing House.
• Ong, Walter J.: "McLuhan as Teacher: The Future Is a Thing of the Past." Journal of Communication 31 (1981): 129–135. Reprinted in Ong's Faith and Contexts: Volume One (Scholars Press, 1992: 11–18).
• Ong, Walter J.: [Untitled review of McLuhan's The Interior Landscape: The Literary Criticism of Marshall McLuhan 1943–1962]. Criticism 12 (1970): 244–251. Reprinted in An Ong Reader: Challenges for Further Inquiry (Hampton Press, 2002: 69–77).
• Prins, Harald E.L., and Bishop, John M. "Edmund Carpenter: Explorations in Media & Anthropology." Visual Anthropology Review Vol.17(2): 110-40 (2002).^[1]
• Prins, Harald E.L., and John Bishop. "Edmund Carpenter: A Trickster's Explorations of Culture & Media." pp. 207–45. In Memories of the Origins of Ethnographic Film. B. Engelbrecht, ed. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 2007.
• Theall, Donald F. The Virtual Marshall McLuhan. McGill-Queen's University Press, 2001.

Pranala luar

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