Medaglia Royal

La medaglia Royal, o Medaglia della Regina, della Royal Society fu istituita dal re Giorgio IV nel 1826. Le modalità di attribuzione furono successivamente modificate dal re Guglielmo IV e dalla regina Vittoria.

Storia

Originariamente la medaglia era in argento dorato riportante l'effigie del re o della regina, e veniva attribuita alle scoperte più rilevanti dell'anno precedente. In seguito il periodo fu esteso ai cinque anni precedenti e fu aggiunto il riconoscimento nel campo delle scienze matematiche ma soltanto con cadenza triennale (decisione adottata dalla regina Vittoria nel 1837).

Nel 1850, furono nuovamente modificate le condizioni di attribuzione, portando a due il numero delle medaglie, fissando il periodo ai dieci anni precedenti e stabilendo che le ricerche dovevano essere state svolte nei territori controllati dalla regina.

Dal 1965 vengono attribuite annualmente tre medaglie con questo nome, due nel campo delle scienze naturali ed una nel campo delle scienze applicate.

I lavori devono comunque essere stati svolti nei paesi del Commonwealth.

Elenco premiati

Dal 1826 al 1859

1826: James Ivory, John Dalton
1827: Humphry Davy, Friedrich Georg Wilhelm von Struve
1828: William Hyde Wollaston, Johann Franz Encke
1829: Eilhard Mitscherlich, Charles Bell
1830: Antoine Jérôme Balard, David Brewster
1831: -
1832: -
1833: John Frederick William Herschel, Augustin Pyrame de Candolle
1834: Charles Lyell, John William Lubbock
1835: William Rowan Hamilton, Michael Faraday
1836: John Frederick William Herschel, George Newport
1837: William Whewell, -
1838: William Fox Talbot, Thomas Graham
1839: Martin Barry, James Ivory,
1840: Charles Wheatstone, John Frederick William Herschel
1841: Eaton Hodgkinson, Robert Kane
1842: John Frederic Daniell, William Bowman
1843: Charles Wheatstone, James David Forbes
1844: George Boole, Thomas Andrews
1845: Thomas Snow Beck, George Biddell Airy
1846: Richard Owen, Michael Faraday
1847: William Robert Grove, George Fownes
1848: Charles James Hargreave, Thomas Galloway
1849: Gideon Mantell, Edward Sabine
1850: Thomas Graham, Benjamin Collins Brodie
1851: George Newport, William Parsons
1852: Thomas Henry Huxley, James Prescott Joule
1853: John Tyndall, Charles Darwin
1854: Joseph Dalton Hooker, August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1855: John Obadiah Westwood, John Russell Hind
1856: William Thomson, John Richardson
1857: John Lindley, Edward Frankland
1858: William Lassell, Albany Hancock
1859: Arthur Cayley, George Bentham

Dal 1860 al 1899

1860: Augustus Volney Waller, William Fairbairn
1861: James Joseph Sylvester, William Benjamin Carpenter
1862: Alexander William Williamson, John Thomas Romney Robinson
1863: John Peter Gassiot, Miles Joseph Berkeley
1864: Warren de la Rue, Jacob Lockhart Clarke
1865: Archibald Smith, Joseph Prestwich
1866: William Kitchen Parker, William Huggins
1867: William Logan, John Bennet Lawes e Joseph Henry Gilbert
1868: George Salmon, Alfred Russel Wallace
1869: Augustus Matthiessen, Thomas Maclear
1870: Thomas Davidson, William Hallowes Miller
1871: George Busk, John Stenhouse
1872: Thomas Anderson, Henry John Carter
1873: Henry Enfield Roscoe, George James Allman
1874: William Crawford Williamson, Henry Clifton Sorby
1875: Thomas Oldham, William Crookes
1876: Charles Wyville Thomson, William Froude
1877: Oswald Heer, Frederick Augustus Abel
1878: Albert Günther, John Allan Brown
1879: Andrew Crombie Ramsay, William Henry Perkin
1880: Andrew Noble, Joseph Lister
1881: John Hewitt Jellett, Francis Maitland Balfour
1882: Lord Rayleigh, William Henry Flower
1883: John Scott Burdon Sanderson, Thomas Archer Hirst
1884: Daniel Oliver, George Howard Darwin
1885: Ray Lankester, David Edward Hughes
1886: Peter Guthrie Tait, Francis Galton
1887: Alexander Ross Clarke, Henry Nottidge Moseley
1888: Osborne Reynolds, Ferdinand von Mueller
1889: Thomas Edward Thorpe, Walter Holbrook Gaskell
1890: John Hopkinson, David Ferrier
1891: Arthur William Rucker, Charles Lapworth
1892: Charles Pritchard, John Newport Langley
1893: Harry Marshall Ward, Arthur Schuster
1894: Joseph John Thomson, Victor Alexander Haden Horsley
1895: John Murray, James Alfred Ewing
1896: Archibald Geikie, Charles Vernon Boys
1897: Richard Strachey, Andrew Russell Forsyth
1898: John Kerr, Walter Gardiner
1899: William Carmichael McIntosh, George Francis FitzGerald

Dal 1900 al 1939

1900: Alfred Newton, Percy Alexander MacMahon
1901: William Thomas Blanford, William Edward Ayrton
1902: Edward Albert Schafer, Horace Lamb
1903: David Gill, Horace Taberrer Brown
1904: William Burnside, David Bruce
1905: Charles Scott Sherrington, John Henry Poynting
1906: Dukinfield Henry Scott, Alfred George Greenhill
1907: Ramsay Heatley Traquair, Ernest William Hobso
1908: John Milne, Henry Head
1909: Ronald Ross, Augustus Edward Hough Love
1910: John Joly, Frederick Orpen Bower
1911: George Chrystal, William Maddock Bayliss
1912: Grafton Elliot Smith, William Mitchinson Hicks
1913: Ernest Henry Starling, Harold Baily Dixon
1914: William Johnson Sollas, Ernest William Brown
1915: William Halse Rivers Rivers, Joseph Larmor
1916: Hector Munro Macdonald, John Scott Haldane
1917: Arthur Smith Woodward, John Aitken
1918: Frederick Gowland Hopkins, Alfred Fowler
1919: John Bretland Farmer, James Hopwood Jeans
1920: Godfrey Harold Hardy, William Bateson
1921: Frederick Frost Blackman, Frank Watson Dyson
1922: Joseph Barcroft, Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1923: Charles James Martin, Napier Shaw
1924: Henry Hallett Dale, Dugald Clerk
1925: Albert Charles Seward, William Henry Perkin Jr
1926: Archibald Vivian Hill, William Hardy
1927: Thomas Lewis, John Cunningham McLennan
1928: Robert Broom, Arthur Stanley Eddington
1929: Robert Muir, John Edensor Littlewood
1930: Owen Willans Richardson, John Edward Marr
1931: William Henry Lang, Richard Glazebrook
1932: Edward Mellanby, Robert Robinson
1933: Patrick Playfair Laidlaw, Geoffrey Ingram Taylor
1934: Edgar Douglas Adrian, Sydney Chapman
1935: Alfred Harker, Charles Galton Darwin
1936: Edwin Stephen Goodrich, Ralph Howard Fowler
1937: Arthur Henry Reginald Buller, Nevil Vincent Sidgwick
1938: Ronald Fisher, Francis William Aston
1939: David Keilin, Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac

Dal 1940 al 1979

1940: Francis Hugh Adam Marshall, Patrick Blackett
1941: Ernest Laurence Kennaway, Edward Arthur Milne
1942: William Whiteman Carlton Topley, Walter Norman Haworth
1943: Edward Battersby Bailey, Harold Spencer Jones
1944: Charles Robert Harington, David Brunt
1945: Edward James Salisbury, John Desmond Bernal
1946: Cyril Dean Darlington, Lawrence Bragg
1947: Frank Macfarlane Burnet, Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
1948: James Gray, Harold Jeffreys
1949: Rudolph Albert Peters, George Paget Thomson
1950: Carl Frederick Abel Pantin, Edward Appleton
1951: Howard Florey, Ian Heilbron
1952: Frederic Bartlett, Christopher Kelk Ingold
1953: Paul Fildes, Nevill Francis Mott
1954: Hans Adolf Krebs, John Cockcroft
1955: Vincent Brian Wigglesworth, Alexander Todd
1956: Owen Thomas Jones, Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin
1957: Frederick Gugenheim Gregory, William Vallance Douglas Hodge
1958: Alan Lloyd Hodgkin, Harrie Stewart Wilson Massey
1959: Peter Brian Medawar, Rudolf Ernst Peierls
1960: Roy Cameron, Alfred Charles Bernard Lovell
1961: Wilfrid Le Gros Clark, Cecil Frank Powell
1962: John Carew Eccles, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1963: Herbert Harold Read, Robert Hill
1964: Francis William Rogers Brambell, Michael James Lighthill
1965: Henry Charles Husband, John Cowdery Kendrew, Raymond Arthur Lyttleton
1966: Christopher Sydney Cockerell, Frank Yates, John Ashworth Ratcliffe
1967: Joseph Hutchinson, John Zachary Young, Cecil Edgar Tilley
1968: Gilbert Roberts, Walter Thomas James Morgan, Michael Francis Atiyah
1969: Charles William Oatley, Frederick Sanger, George Edward Raven Deacon
1970: John Baker, William Albert Hugh Rushton, Kingsley Charles Dunham
1971: Percy Edward Kent, Max Ferdinand Perutz, Gerhard Herzberg
1972: Wilfrid Bennett Lewis, Francis Harry Compton Crick, Derek Barton
1973: Edward Penley Abraham, Rodney Robert Porter, Martin Ryle
1974: George Edwards, Sydney Brenner, Fred Hoyle
1975: Barnes Wallis, David Chilton Phillips, Edward Bullard
1976: Alan Walsh, James Learmonth Gowans, John Warcup Cornforth
1977: John Bertram Adams, Hugh Esmor Huxley, Peter Hirsch
1978: Tom Kilburn, Roderic Alfred Gregory, Abdus Salam
1979: Vernon Ellis Cosslett, Hans Walter Kosterlitz, Charles Frank

Dal 1980 al 1999

1980: John Paul Wild, Henry Harris, Denys Wilkinson
1981: Ralph Riley, Marthe Louise Vogt, Geoffrey Wilkinson
1982: William Hawthorne, César Milstein, Richard Henry Dalitz
1983: Daniel Joseph Bradley, Wilhelm Siegmund Feldberg, John Frank Charles Kingman
1984: Alexander Lamb Cullen, Mary Frances Lyon, Alan Rushton Battersby
1985: John Hadji Argyris, John Bertrand Gurdon, Roger Penrose
1986: EA Ash, Richard Doll, Rex Richards
1987: Gustav Victor Rudolf Born, Eric Denton, Francis Graham-Smith
1988: Harold Everard Monteagle Barlow, Winifred M Watkins, GK Batchelor
1989: John Vane, David Weatherall, John Charles Polanyi
1990: Olgierd Cecil Zienkiewicz, Anne Laura McLaren, Michael Victor Berry
1991: John Mason, Michael John Berridge, Dan Peter McKenzie
1992: David Tabor, Anthony Epstein, Simon Kirwan Donaldson
1993: R Hill, Horace Basil Barlow, Volker Heine
1994: Salvador Moncada, Eric H. Mansfield, Sivaramakrishna Chandrasekhar
1995: Donald Metcalf, Paul M. Nurse, RJP Williams
1996: RA Hinde, J Heslop-Harrison, Andrew Wiles
1997: Geoffrey Eglinton, John Maynard Smith, Donald Hill Perkins
1998: Edwin Mellor Southern, Ricardo Miledi, Donald Charlton Bradley
1999: John Frank Davidson, Patrick David Wall, Archibald Howie

Dal 2000 -

2000: Timothy Berners-Lee, Geoffrey Burnstock, Keith Usherwood Ingold
2001: Richard L. Gardner, Gabriel Horn, Sam Edwards
2002: Richard Peto, Suzanne Cory, Raymond Freeman
2003: Kenneth Johnson, John Skehel, Nicholas Shackleton
2004: James Black, Alec Jeffreys, Lord Lewis of Newnham
2005: Michael E. Fisher, Anthony Pawson, Michael Pepper
2006: Sir John Pendry, Sir Tim Hunt, David Baulcombe.
2007: James Feast, Cyril Hilsum, Tomas Lindahl
2008: Sir Alan Fersht, Sir Philip Cohen, Robert Hedges
2009: Chintamani Rao, Ronald Laskey, Christopher Dobson
2010: Peter Knight, Azim Suran, Allen Hill
2011: Steven Ley, Robin Holliday, Gregory Winter
2012: Tom Kibble, Kenneth Murray, Andrew Holmes
2013: Rodney Baxter, Walter Bodmer, Peter Wells
2014: Terence Tao, Tony Hunter, Howard Morris
2015: Jocelyn Bell, Elizabeth Blackburn, Christopher Llewellyn Smith
2016: John Meurig Thomas, Elizabeth Robertson, John Goodby
2017: Paul Corkum, Peter e Rosemary Grant, Melvyn Greaves
2018: Stephen Sparks, Lewis Wolpert, Shankar Balasubramanian e David Klenerman
2019: Carol Robinson, Michel Goedert, Ann Dowling
2020: Herbert Huppert, Caroline Dean, Ian Shanks
2021: Colin Humphreys, Dennis Lo, Michael Green

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

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Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Medaglia Royal dal sito della Royal Society, su royalsoc.ac.uk. URL consultato il 2 febbraio 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 12 novembre 2007).