Passeriformes

Passerines Julat zaman: Eocene-kini, 52.5–0 Ma PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
Arah jam dari atas kanan: Kelicap Palestin (Cinnyris osea), Jay Biru (Cyanocitta cristata), Ciak Rumah (Passer domesticus), Serai Bakau (Parus major), Gagak Bertudung (Corvus cornix), Tempua Topeng Selatan (Ploceus velatus)
Siulan seekor purple-crowned fairywren (Malurus coronatus)
Pengelasan saintifik
Domain:	Eukaryota
Alam:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Aves
Klad:	Psittacopasserae
Order:	Passeriformes Linnaeus, 1758
Suborder
Acanthisitti Tyranni Passeri dan lihat teks
Diversiti
Sekitar 140 keluarga, 6,600 spesies

Passerine adalah satu sekumpulan burung dari order Passeriformes,yang mana termasuk lebih daripada separuh dari semua spesies burung. Kadang kala ia juga dikenali sebagai burung kicau. Passerine membentuk salah satu dari order vertabrata darat yang mempunyai kepelbagaian yang paling banyak: dengan lebih daripada 5,000 spesies yang telah dikenalpasti,^[1] Secara umumnya, passerine mempunyai dua kali lebih banyak spesies jika dibandingkan dengan order terbesar dalam mamalia, iaitu Rodensia. Ia mencangkupi lebih 110 keluarga, vertebrata kedua lebih banyak (selepas Perciformes).

Nama "passerine" dan "Passeriformes" diterbitkan daripada Passer domesticus, nama saintifik bagi spesies jenis&genus ini; ciak rumah—dan dari istilah Latin passer untuk ciak Passer dan burung-burung kecil serupanya.

Senarai taksonomik dalam keluarga Passeriformes

Senarai berikut adalah dalam susunan taksonomik, dengan meletakkan keluarga yang berkaitan dalam susunan berikutnya. Keluarga yang disenaraikan di sini adalah yang telah diakui oleh Kesatuan Ahli Ornitologi Antarabangsa (IOC).^[2] Susunan dan divisyen ke dalam infraorder, parvorder dan superfamili berdasarkan analisis filogenetik yang diterbitkan oleh Carl Oliveros dan rakan-rakan beliau pada tahun 2019.^[3][a] Hubungan antara keluarga dalam suborder Tyranni (suboscine) kesemuanya telah ditentukan akan tetapi beberapa nod-nod dalam Passeri (oscine) adalah tidak jelas ekoran pemisahan jurai yang pantas.^[3]

Suborder Acanthisitti

• Acanthisittidae: ren New Zealand

Suborder Tyranni (Suboscines)

• Infraorder Eurylaimides: suboscine Dunia Lama

• Philepittidae: asity
• Eurylaimidae: takau biasa
• Calyptomenidae: takau hijau dan Afrika
• Sapayoidae: takau sapayoa
• Pittidae: pacat

• Infraorder Tyrannides: suboscine Dunia Baru

• Parvorder Furariida

• Melanopareiidae: crescentchest
• Conopophagidae: gnateater dan gnatpitta
• Thamnophilidae: antbird
• Grallariidae: antpitta
• Rhinocryptidae: tapaculos biasa
• Formicariidae: antthrushes
• Furnariidae: ovenbird dan woodcreeper

• Parvorder Tyrannida

• Pipridae: manakin
• Cotingidae: cotinga
• Tityridae: tityras dan sekutunya
• Tyrannidae: sambar zalim

Suborder Passeri (Oscines)

• Atrichornithidae: scrub-bird
• Menuridae: lyrebird
• Climacteridae: treecreeper Australia
• Ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbird
• Maluridae: fairywren, emu-wren dan grasswren
• Dasyornithidae: bristlebird
• Pardalotidae: pardalotes
• Acanthizidae: scrubwren, thornbill, dan gerygones
• Meliphagidae: honeyeater
• Pomatostomidae: pseudo-babbler
• Orthonychidae: logrunner

• Infraorder Corvides

• Cinclosomatidae: jewel-babbler, quail-thrushes
• Campephagidae: sewah
• Mohouidae: whitehead
• Neosittidae: sittella

• Superfamili Orioloidea^[b]

• Psophodidae: whipbird
• Eulacestomidae: wattled ploughbill
• Falcunculidae: shriketit
• Oreoicidae: bellbird Australia-Papuan
• Paramythiidae: painted berrypecker
• Vireonidae: vireo
• Pachycephalidae: sambar siul
• Oriolidae: oriole dan figbird Dunia Lama

• Superfamili Malaconotoidea^[c]

• Machaerirhynchidae: boatbill
• Artamidae: woodswallow, butcherbird, currawong, dan magpie Australia
• Rhagologidae: mottled whistler
• Malaconotidae: puffback shrikes, bush shrikes, tchagras, and boubous
• Pityriaseidae: bristlehead
• Aegithinidae: burung kunyit
• Platysteiridae: wattle-eye dan batise
• Vangidae: vangas

• Superfamili Corvoidea^[d]

• Rhipiduridae: fantail
• Dicruridae: drongos
• Monarchidae: monarch flycatcher
• Ifritidae: blue-capped ifrit
• Paradisaeidae: cenderawasih
• Corcoracidae: white-winged chough dan apostlebird
• Melampittidae: melampittas
• Laniidae: tirjup
• Corvidae: gagak, raven dan jay

• Infraorder Passerides

• Cnemophilidae: satinbird
• Melanocharitidae: berrypecker dan longbill
• Callaeidae: wattlebird New Zealand
• Notiomystidae: stitchbird
• Petroicidae: robin Australia
• Eupetidae: rimba
• Picathartidae: rockfowl
• Chaetopidae: rock-jumper

• Parvorder Sylviida^[e]

• Hyliotidae: hyliotas
• Stenostiridae: sambar pari-pari
• Paridae: burung serai, chickadee dan titmice
• Remizidae: tit penduline
• Panuridae: bearded reedling
• Alaudidae: lark
• Nicatoridae: nicator
• Macrosphenidae: crombec dan cekup Afrika
• Cisticolidae: cisticolas dan sekutunya

• Superfamili Locustelloidea

• Acrocephalidae: cekup mensiang, cekup Grauer dan sekutunya
• Locustellidae: grassbird dan sekutunya
• Donacobiidae: black-capped donacobius
• Bernieridae: cekup Malagasy

—

• Pnoepygidae: rimba
• Hirundinidae: sualo dan martin

• Superfamili Sylvioidea

• Pycnonotidae: merbah
• Sylviidae: rimba sylviid, parrotbill dan myzorni
• Zosteropidae: mata putih
• Timaliidae: burung rimba pokok
• Leiothrichidae: burung rimba dan sekutunya
• Pellorneidae: burung rimba tanah

• Superfamili Aegithaloidea

• Phylloscopidae: cekup daun dan sekutunya
• Hyliidae: hylias
• Aegithalidae: long-tailed tit atau bushtit
• Scotocercidae: streaked scrub warbler
• Cettiidae: cekup belukar Cettia dan sekutunya
• Erythrocercidae: yellow flycatchers

• Parvorder Muscicapida

• Superfamili Bombycilloidea

• Dulidae: palmchat
• Bombycillidae: waxwing
• Ptiliogonatidae: sambar sutera
• Hylocitreidae: hylocitrea
• Hypocoliidae: hypocolius
• Mohoidae: oos

• Superfamili Muscicapoidea

• Elachuridae: spotted elachura
• Cinclidae: dipper
• Muscicapidae: sambar dan chat Dunia Lama
• Turdidae: murai batu dan sekutunya
• Buphagidae: oxpecker
• Sturnidae: starling dan rhabdornis
• Mimidae: mockingbird dan thrasher

—

• Regulidae: goldcrest dan kinglet

• Superfamili Certhioidea

• Tichodromidae: wallcreeper
• Sittidae: burung patuk
• Certhiidae: treecreeper
• Polioptilidae: gnatcatcher
• Troglodytidae: ren

• Parvorder Passerida

• Promeropidae: sugarbird
• Modulatricidae: dapple-throat dan sekutunya
• Nectariniidae: kelicap
• Dicaeidae: flowerpecker
• Chloropseidae: burung daun
• Irenidae: fairy-bluebird
• Peucedramidae: olive warbler
• Urocynchramidae: finch Przewalski
• Ploceidae: tempua
• Viduidae: indigobird dan whydah
• Estrildidae: waxbill, munia dan sekutunya
• Prunellidae: accentor
• Passeridae: Old World sparrows and snowfinches
• Motacillidae: wagtail dan pipit
• Fringillidae: finch dan euphonia

• Superfamili Emberizoidea (previously known as the nine-primaried oscines^[5])^[f]

• Rhodinocichlidae: rosy thrush-tanager
• Calcariidae: longspur dan snow bunting
• Emberizidae: bunting
• Cardinalidae: cardinal
• Mitrospingidae: mitrospingid tanager
• Thraupidae: tanager dan sekutunya
• Passerellidae: sparrow Dunia Baru, bush tanager
• Parulidae: warbler Dunia Baru
• Icteriidae: yellow-breasted chat
• Icteridae: grackles, New World blackbirds, and New World orioles
• Calyptophilidae: chat-tanager
• Zeledoniidae: wrenthrush
• Teretistridae: cekup Cuba ^[g]
• Nesospingidae: Puerto Rican tanager
• Spindalidae: spindalises
• Phaenicophilidae: Hispaniolan tanager

Pilogeni

Passeriformes hidup berdasarkan pada "Taxonomy in Flux family phylogenetic tree" oleh John Boyd.^[7]

Penggelasan Passeriformes

Acanthisitti   Acanthisittidae     Eupasseres Tyranni Eurylaimides   ?Sapayoidae       Calyptomenidae     Pittidae         Philepittidae     Eurylaimidae       Tyrannides Tyrannida   Pipridae       Cotingidae         Tityridae       Oxyruncidae     Onychorhynchidae           Tyrannidae       Pipritidae       Platyrinchidae       Tachurididae     Rhynchocyclidae                 Furnariida     Melanopareiidae       Thamnophilidae     Conopophagidae           Grallariidae       Rhinocryptidae       Formicariidae     Furnariidae               Passeri Menurides   Atrichornithidae     Menuridae     Euoscines Climacterides   Ptilonorhynchidae     Climacteridae       Meliphagides   Maluridae       Dasyornithidae       Pardalotidae     Meliphagidae           Orthonychides   Orthonychidae     Pomatostomidae       Corvides   Cinclosomatidae       Campephagidae         Neosittidae     Mohouidae       Orioloidea   Eulacestomidae         Psophodidae       Falcunculidae     Oreoicidae             Paramythiidae       Pteruthiidae     Vireonidae           Pachycephalidae     Oriolidae             Malaconotoidea   Machaerirhynchidae       Artamidae       Rhagologidae         Platysteiridae     Vangidae         Aegithinidae       Pityriaseidae     Malaconotidae               Corvoidea   ?Dicruridae       Rhipiduridae     Lamproliidae           Monarchidae       Laniidae     Corvidae           Ifritidae       Melampittidae       Corcoracidae     Paradisaeidae                       Passerides Melanocharitida Melanocharitidae     Cnemophilida Cnemophilidae     Petroicida   Petroicidae       Notiomystidae     Callaeidae         Eupetida   Picathartidae       Chaetopidae     Eupetidae         Core Passerides                         Core Passerides Sylviida Paroidea   Stenostiridae       Hyliotidae       Remizidae     Paridae         Sylvioidea     Nicatoridae       Panuridae     Alaudidae           Macrosphenidae         Cisticolidae         Pnoepygidae     Acrocephalidae         Locustellidae       Donacobiidae     Bernieridae               Hirundinidae     Pycnonotidae         Phylloscopidae       Cettiidae       Hyliidae     Aegithalidae               Sylviidae     Paradoxornithidae         Zosteropidae       Timaliidae       Pellorneidae     Leiothrichidae                         Muscicapida Reguloidea Regulidae   Bombycilloidea   Elachuridae     Mohoidae       Ptiliogonatidae       Bombycillidae       Dulidae     Hypocoliidae           Certhioidea     Tichodromadidae     Sittidae         Certhiidae       Troglodytidae     Polioptilidae         Muscicapoidea     Cinclidae       Turdidae     Muscicapidae           Buphagidae       Mimidae     Sturnidae           Passerida   Promeropidae       Arcanatoridae         Dicaeidae     Nectariniidae         Urocynchramidae         Irenidae     Chloropseidae           Peucedramidae     Prunellidae       Estrild clade   Ploceidae       Viduidae     Estrildidae       Passerid clade   Passeridae       Motacillidae       Fringillidae       Calcariidae       Rhodinocichlidae         Emberizidae     Passerellidae       ?Zeledonia     ?Teretistris     Phaenicophilidae       Icteridae     Parulidae             Mitrospingidae     Cardinalidae     Thraupidae

Nota kaki

Rujukan

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