22R-Hydroxycholesterol

22R-Hydroxycholesterol
Names

IUPAC name (22R)-Cholest-5-ene-3β,22-diol
Systematic IUPAC name (1R,3aS,3bS,7S,9aR,9bS,11aS)-1-[(2S,3R)-3-Hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-9a,11a-dimethyl-2,3,3a,3b,4,6,7,8,9,9a,9b,10,11,11a-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-7-ol
Identifiers
CAS Number	17711-16-9^N[EPA]
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:166802
ChEMBL	ChEMBL3218924
ChemSpider	96893
PubChem CID	107724
UNII	TJ9HV8VPD2^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID501313409 DTXSID30904340, DTXSID501313409
InChI InChI=1S/C27H46O2/c1-17(2)6-11-25(29)18(3)22-9-10-23-21-8-7-19-16-20(28)12-14-26(19,4)24(21)13-15-27(22,23)5/h7,17-18,20-25,28-29H,6,8-16H2,1-5H3/t18-,20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25?,26-,27+/m0/s1 Key: RZPAXNJLEKLXNO-UKNNTIGFSA-N InChI=1/C27H46O2/c1-17(2)6-11-25(29)18(3)22-9-10-23-21-8-7-19-16-20(28)12-14-26(19,4)24(21)13-15-27(22,23)5/h7,17-18,20-25,28-29H,6,8-16H2,1-5H3/t18-,20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25?,26-,27+/m0/s1 Key: RZPAXNJLEKLXNO-UKNNTIGFBU
SMILES O[C@@H]4C/C3=C/C[C@@H]1[C@H](CC[C@]2([C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@H](C)C(O)CCC(C)C)C)[C@@]3(C)CC4
Properties
Chemical formula	C₂₇H₄₆O₂
Molar mass	402.653 g/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Infobox references

Chemical compound

22R-Hydroxycholesterol, or (3β)-cholest-5-ene-3,22-diol is an endogenous, metabolic intermediate in the biosynthesis of the steroid hormones from cholesterol.^[1]^[2] Cholesterol ((3β)-cholest-5-en-3-ol) is hydroxylated by cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc) to form 22R-hydroxycholesterol, which is subsequently hydroxylated again by P450scc to form 20α,22R-dihydroxycholesterol, and finally the bond between carbons 20 and 22 is cleaved by P450scc to form pregnenolone ((3β)-3-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one),^[1]^[2] the precursor to the steroid hormones.

It is an agonist of the liver X receptor.

References

^ ^a ^b CHAUDHURI AC, HARADA Y, SHIMIZU K, GUT M, DORFMAN RI (March 1962). "Biosynthesis of pregnenolone from 22-hydroxycholesterol". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 237 (3): 703–4. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)60359-X. PMID 13878470.
^ ^a ^b Hume R, Kelly RW, Taylor PL, Boyd GS (May 1984). "The catalytic cycle of cytochrome P-450scc and intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone". European Journal of Biochemistry. 140 (3): 583–91. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1984.tb08142.x. PMID 6723652.

Cholesterol and steroid metabolic intermediates

Mevalonate pathway

to HMG-CoA	Acetyl-CoA Acetoacetyl-CoA HMB HMB-CoA HMG-CoA
Ketone bodies	Acetone Acetoacetic acid β-Hydroxybutyric acid
to DMAPP	Mevalonic acid Phosphomevalonic acid 5-Diphosphomevalonic acid Isopentenyl pyrophosphate Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate
Geranyl-	Geranyl pyrophosphate Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate
Carotenoid	Prephytoene diphosphate Phytoene

Non-mevalonate pathway

To Cholesterol

Lanosterol
14-demethyllanosterol
4alpha-Methylzymosterol
Zymosterone
Zymosterol

From Cholesterol
to Steroid hormones

22R-Hydroxycholesterol
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
See here instead.

Nonhuman

To Sitosterol	Cycloartenol Cycloeucalenol Obtusifoliol 4α-methylfecosterol Isofucosterol 24-Methylenelophenol Sitosterol More Phytosterols see here instead.
To Ergocalciferol	Fecosterol Episterol Ergostatrienol Ergostatetraenol Ergosterol Ergocalciferol

Endogenous steroids

Precursors

Cholesterol
22R-Hydroxycholesterol
20α,22R-Dihydroxycholesterol
Pregnenolone
11β-Hydroxypregnenolone
17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
21-Hydroxypregnenolone
17α,21-Dihydroxypregnenolone
11β,17α,21-Trihydroxypregnenolone

Corticosteroids

Glucocorticoids	3α,5α-Tetrahydrocorticosterone 5α-Dihydrocorticosterone 11-Deoxycorticosterone 11-Deoxycortisol 11-Ketoprogesterone 21-Deoxycortisol 21-Deoxycortisone Corticosterone Cortisol Cortisone 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Pregnenolone Progesterone Metabolites: 5α-Dihydrocortisol 3α,5α-Tetrahydrocortisol
Mineralocorticoids	5α-Dihydroaldosterone 11-Dehydrocorticosterone (11-oxocorticosterone, 17-deoxycortisone) 11-Deoxycortisol 11-Deoxycorticosterone 11β-Hydroxyprogesterone (21-deoxycorticosterone) 18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone 18-Hydroxycorticosterone 18-Hydroxyprogesterone Aldosterone Corticosterone Cortisol

Sex steroids

Androgens	11-Ketodihydrotestosterone 11-Ketotestosterone 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione) Androstenediol Androstenedione Androsterone Dehydroandrosterone DHEA DHEA sulfate Dihydrotestosterone Epiandrosterone Epitestosterone 16α-Hydroxyandrostenedione 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA sulfate Testosterone Metabolites: 3α-Androstanediol 3α-Androstanediol glucuronide 3β-Androstanediol 5β-Dihydrotestosterone 3α-Etiocholanediol 3β-Etiocholanediol Androstanetriols Androstenediol sulfate Androsterone glucuronide Androsterone sulfate Dihydrotestosterone glucuronide Dihydrotestosterone sulfate Etiocholanedione Etiocholanolone Etiocholanolone glucuronide Epietiocholanolone Testosterone glucuronide Testosterone sulfate
Estrogens	Estranes: Estetrol Estradiol Estrone Estriol 17α-Estradiol 16β-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxyestradiol) 17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestriol 2-Hydroxyestrone 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-Hydroxyestriol 4-Hydroxyestrone 4-Methoxyestradiol 4-Methoxyestrone 16α-Hydroxyestrone 16β-Hydroxyestrone 16-Ketoestradiol 16-Ketoestrone Others: 27-Hydroxycholesterol 3α-Androstanediol 3β-Androstanediol 4-Androstenedione 5-Androstenediol DHEA DHEA sulfate 7-Keto-DHEA 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA Metabolites: 2-Methoxyestradiol 2-Methoxyestrone 2-Methoxyestriol 4-Methoxyestriol Estradiol disulfate Estradiol glucuronide Estradiol 3-glucuronide Estradiol 3-glucuronide 17β-sulfate Estradiol sulfate Estradiol 17β-sulfate Estrone glucuronide Estrone sulfate Estriol glucuronide Estriol sulfate Lipoidal estradiol (e.g., estradiol stearate, estradiol palmitate)
Progestogens	Progesterone 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone 20α-Dihydroprogesterone 20β-Dihydroprogesterone 5α-Dihydroprogesterone 11-Deoxycorticosterone 5α-DHDOC Metabolites: Allopregnanediol Pregnanediol Pregnanediol glucuronide Pregnanetriol

Neurosteroids

Cholestanes: 24S-Hydroxycholesterol
Cholesterol

Others

v t e FXRTooltip Farnesoid X receptor and LXRTooltip liver X receptor modulators
FXRTooltip Farnesoid X receptor	Agonists: Bile acids Cafestol Chenodeoxycholic acid Cilofexor Fexaramine GW-4064 Ivermectin Nidufexor Obeticholic acid Tropifexor Antagonists: Guggulsterone
LXRTooltip Liver X receptor	Agonists: 22R-Hydroxycholesterol 24S-Hydroxycholesterol 27-Hydroxycholesterol Abequolixron Cholestenoic acid DMHCA GW-3965 Hypocholamide T-0901317 Antagonists: Efavirenz Larsucosterol
See also Receptor/signaling modulators