Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei'

Hybrid elm cultivar

Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei'
'Wredei', Stadspark, Groningen.
Hybrid parentage	U. glabra × U. minor
Cultivar	'Wredei'
Origin	Germany

The hybrid elm cultivar Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei', also known as Ulmus × hollandica 'Dampieri Aurea' and sometimes marketed as Golden Elm, originated as a sport of the cultivar 'Dampieri' at the Alt-Geltow Arboretum, near Potsdam, Germany, in 1875.^[1]^[2]

Not to be confused with two other popular cultivars named 'Golden Elm', Ulmus glabra 'Lutescens' and Ulmus 'Louis van Houtte'.

Description

The tree is fastigiate when young,^[3] but like its parent 'Dampieri' can become more spreading with age.^[4] It has broad, crinkled leaves clustered on short shoots; when these are young they are suffused yellow, but as the tree ages they revert to green.

Young 'Dampieri Aurea', Morningside, Edinburgh
Long shoots

Pests and diseases

'Wredei' is susceptible to Dutch elm disease.

Cultivation

'Wredei' was distributed by the Louis van Houtte and Späth nurseries in the late 19th century (Louis van Houtte described it in 1881 as a "superbe nouveauté").^[5]^[6] Späth supplied one tree, as U. montana fastigiata aurea, to the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, in 1893,^[7] and three in 1902 to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 1902 as U. montana fastigiata Dampieri Wredei.^[8] 'Dampieri Aurea' appears in the 1902 catalogue of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey,^[9] and in Kelsey's 1904 catalogue, New York.^[10] Ulmus Wredei aurea was introduced to Australia in the early 20th century.^[11] 'Wredei' is currently one of the most popular elms on sale in Europe owing to its colourful foliage and modest size.

For the 'Golden Elm' at Great Dixter Gardens, Northiam, East Sussex,^[12] apparently miscalled 'Dampieri Aurea' by the horticulturalist Christopher Lloyd,^[13] see U. minor 'Dicksonii'.

Notable trees

In the UK, the Tree Register of the British Isles (TROBI) Champion is at Blakers Park, Brighton, measuring 17 m high and 57 cm d.b.h. in 2009, when the leaf colour was reverting to green.^[14]

Etymology

The tree is named for Joseph Wrede (1831–1912), Royal Horticultural Inspector at the Royal State Nursery, Alt-Geltow, Potsdam, and curator of the Alt-Geltow Arboretum.^[15]

Synonymy

Ulmus campestris 'Wredei' Hort. ex Lauche, Deutsch. Dendr. 347 (1880).
Ulmus carpinifolia var. Dampieri f. Wredei Juhlke
Ulmus dampieri 'Wredei': Krüssmann, in Parey's Blumengartn, ed. 2.1: 519, 1958.
Ulmus dampieri var. Wredei: Juhlke [1], in Hamburg Gart.- & Blumenzeit, 33: 485, 1877.
Ulmus Dippeliana f. Wredei (Hort.) Schneider, Illustriertes Handbuch der Laubholzkunde, 1:218, fig. 136p, 1904.
Ulmus × hollandica 'Dampieri Aurea'
Ulmus montana var. Dampieri aurea Wrede ex Jaeger & Beissner , Ziergeh. ed. 2, 403 (1884).
Ulmus montana var. Dampieri Wredei Ruempler, Gartenbau-Lex. 930(1890). - Rehder in Miller's Deutsch Gartn.-Zeit. 13: 160, fig. (1898).
Ulmus montana var. fastigiata aurea Hort. ex Nicholson Kew Hand-list Trees Shrubs, 2: 141 (1896).
Ulmus montana pyramidalis Wredei – Catalogue de Louis van Houtte, 1881-2^[5]
Ulmus scabra var. Dampieri var. Wredei (Juhlke) Hartwig Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch 393 (1892).
Ulmus nitens f. Wredei Rehder in Mitteilungen der Deutschen dendrologischen gesellschaft 24(1915): 218 (1916).
Ulmus foliacca var. Wredei Rehder in Bailey, Stand. Cvcl. Hort. 6: 3413 (1917).
Ulmus Wreedi aurea: Leach, ex Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society of London, 16: lxi, 1893.

Accessions

North America

Dominion Arboretum, Canada. No details available.
Morton Arboretum, Illinois, US. Acc. no. 269–57 (as Smooth-leaved Elm, U. carpinifolia 'Wredei')^[16]

Europe

Brighton & Hove City Council, UK. NCCPG Elm Collection [2], listed as U. minor 'Wredei'. Old tree in Blakers Park; newly planted trees at Wild Park and Withdean.
Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 525 (as Ulmus wredei 'Aurea')
Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18119 (as U × hollandica 'Dampieri Aurea')
Royal Horticultural Society Gardens, Wisley, UK. No details available.
South Park Gardens, Wimbledon, London, UK. TROBI champion: 14 m high, 59 cm d.b.h. in 2001.^[14]
University of Copenhagen Botanic Gardens, Denmark. No details available.
Wijdemeren City Council, Netherlands. Elm collection. 2 planted (around 1980) playground Rembrandt van Rijnlaan, Loosdrecht.

Australasia

Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (Melbourne), Australia^[17]
Ballarat Botanical Gardens, Australia. Listed on the Significant Tree Register of the National Trust.
Eastwoodhill Arboretum [3], Gisborne, New Zealand. One tree (as U. minor 'Wredei'), details not known.

Nurseries

Widely available.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ulmus × hollandica 'Wredei'.

References

^ Elwes, Henry John; Henry, Augustine (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. 7. p. 1894.
^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ "Ulmus hollandica 'Wredei'". www.esveld.nl. Retrieved 2023-12-01.
^ Photograph of 'Wredei' beginning to lose its fastigiate outline. Archived 2011-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
^ ^a ^b Cultures de Louis van Houtte: Plantes Vivaces de Pleine Terre, Catalogue de Louis van Houtte, 1881-2, p.303
^ Katalog (PDF). Vol. 108. Berlin, Germany: L. Späth Baumschulenweg. 1902–1903. pp. 132–133.
^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). Ottawa. pp. 74–75.
^ Accessions book. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 1902. pp. 45, 47.
^ Bobbink and Atkins, Rutherford. N.J. 1902. p. 51.
^ General catalogue, 1904 : choice hardy trees, shrubs, evergreens, roses, herbaceous plants, fruits, etc. New York: Frederick W. Kelsey. 1904. p. 18.
^ Spencer, Roger, ed., Horticultural Flora of South-Eastern Australia, Vol. 2 (Sydney, 1995), p. 112
^ Paul Gillett, The Long Border, Great Dixter, www.geograph.org.uk
^ Lloyd, Christopher (1993). Christopher Lloyd's flower garden. Dorling Kindersley. p. 25. ISBN 978-1-56458-167-9.
^ ^a ^b Johnson, Owen (ed.) (2003). Champion Trees of Britain & Ireland. Whittet Press, ISBN 978-1-873580-61-5
^ Gartenkultur in Brandenburg und Berlin. Herausgegeben vom Ministerium für LUR des Landes Brandenburg.
^ U. carpinifolia 'Wredei' at Morton Arboretum, Tree Family Ulmaceae
^ RBGV (Melbourne) Elm list

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

U. alata (Winged elm)
U. americana (American elm)
U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
U. changii var. changii
U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
U. chumlia
U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
U. davidiana var. davidiana
U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
U. ismaelis
U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
U. laevis (European white elm)
U. laevis var. celtidea
U. laevis var. parvifolia
U. laevis var. simplicidens
U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
U. macrocarpa var. glabra
U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
U. minor (Field elm)
U. minor subsp. minor
U. minor var. italica
U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
U. pumila (Siberian elm)
U. rubra (Slippery elm)
U. serotina (September elm)
U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

U. boissieri
U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
U. elliptica

Hybrids

U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
U. × arbuscula
U. × arkansana
U. × brandisiana
U. × diversifolia
U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
U. × hollandica var. insularum
U. × intermedia
U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Dovaei Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis