Ulmus minor 'Argenteo-Variegata'

Elm cultivar

Ulmus minor 'Argenteo-Variegata'
'Argenteo-Variegata', Benalla Botanic Garden, Australia
Species	Ulmus minor
Cultivar	'Argenteo-Variegata'
Origin	Europe

The Field Elm cultivar Ulmus minor 'Argenteo-Variegata' or simply 'Variegata', known in Australasia and North America as Silver Elm ^[1]^[2] or Tartan Elm,^[3] is said to have been cultivated in France from 1772. Green noted that variegated forms of Field Elm "arise frequently, and several clones may have been known under this name".^[4] Dumont de Courset (1802) listed an U. campestris var. glabra variegata,^[5] Loudon (1838) an U. nitens var. variegata, and Wesmael (1863) an U. campestris var. nuda microphylla variegata.^[6]^[7]

'Variegata' is not to be confused with the variegated English Elm cultivar, U. minor 'Atinia Variegata', which has the broader, almost orbicular leaves of the type.

Description

The tree's foliage is randomly blotched and speckled with creamy white, the colour of the leaves on the same tree ranging from almost completely cream to totally green.^[8]^[9]^[10] In 1915 the horticulturalist E. A. Bowles described "a tall Silver Elm" at Myddleton House, his lifelong home at Bulls Cross in Enfield, Middlesex:

"In some seasons it is an absolutely silver pillar from top to toe, with more than half of every leaf pure milky white. Another year it will hardly show the variegation, and in yet another it may be spangled with minute silver specks all over the leaves, but with no large pure white markings. It turns to fine gold in some Novembers. I believe that it is in the seasons that it is greenest that it turns the finest autumn yellow. Mr. Elwes tells me that it is a very fine specimen of a variegated elm, and should have been figured for his great book^{[note 1]} if he had seen it in time, and also that it is unusual in being on its own roots, whereas most of them are grafted. This one suckers up all over the lawn and in the adjacent flower beds, and reproduces all its vagaries of variegation in its offspring."^[11]

Bowles' photograph and the name "Silver Elm" suggest that the Myddleton House tree was U. minor 'Variegata', rather than Variegated English Elm.

U. minor 'Variegata' foliage

Etymology

As the blotching and margination of the foliage may appear more silver than cream, the cultivar is sometimes listed as U. minor 'Argenteo-Variegata'.^[12]

Pests and diseases

The cultivar is as susceptible to Dutch elm disease as the species.

Cultivation

Henry cited Loudon's report that 'Variegata' was cultivated in Chiswick in the early 19th century.^[13] The Späth nursery of Berlin supplied the Dominion Arboretum, Ottawa, Canada, with an U. campestris variegata argentea (1893) and an U. campestris fol. argenteis variegatis (1899), which may have been Silver Elm or Tartan Elm, as well as an U. campestris fol. argenteis marginatis (1897), possibly variegated English Elm.^[14] An U. fol. argent. var. minor, a "small, silver, variegated variety", appeared in the 1902 catalogue of the Bobbink and Atkins nursery, Rutherford, New Jersey.^[15] An Ulmus medio argentea variegata, "a pretty silver-variegated variety", probably Silver Elm, appeared in early 20th-century nursery catalogues in Australia.^[16] Silver Elm remains in commercial cultivation in Europe, and is commonly cultivated in Australasia and North America, where a number of mature specimens survive (see under Accessions).

Notable trees

In the Netherlands, one tree, known as the Rococo Iep (:Elm) grows at Houten, next to the old church.^{[citation needed]}. A group of 5 grows along a canal in Alkmaar. In Australia, several trees planted in 1897 stand in Geelong Botanic Gardens, Victoria.^[17] 'Atinia Variegata' is also found among the elms lining the Avenue of Honour at Ballarat, while approximately 50 trees grow at The Nook, Sunbury.^{[citation needed]} There are two mature trees in the Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart.^[18] In the United States, a specimen in Portland, Oregon, has been designated a 'Heritage Tree'.^[19]

Synonymy

Ulmus folio glabro, eleganter variegato: Miller, The Gardeners Dictionary ed. 2. 1735, Ulmus no. 7.
?Ulmus campestris foliis argenteis: Baudriller, (Angers, France), Catalogue 43, p. 116, 1880.
Ulmus campestris foliis variegatis: Loddiges, (Hackney, London), Catalogue 1820, p. 35, and by Loudon in Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum, 3: 1395, 1838.
Ulmus campestris punctata: Simon-Louis Nurseries, (Metz, France), Catalogue, 1886–87, p. 60.
Ulmus campestris var. suberosa variegata Hort.: Hartwig & Rümpler, Illustrirtes Gehölzbuch 581, 1875.

Accessions

North America

Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 450-48, 588-54

Europe

Dubrava Arboretum, Lithuania. As U. carpinifolia 'Variegata'. No details available.
Grange Farm Arboretum [3], Sutton St. James, Spalding, Lincs., UK. Acc. no. 1083.
Hortus Botanicus Nationalis, Salaspils, Latvia. Acc. no. 18143 (acknowledged as possibly U. minor 'Albo-dentata').
Netherlands Plant Collection Ulmus, Wijdemeren, Netherlands, planted 2019 location Dekkerplantsoen, Frans Halslaan, Loosdrecht as Ulmus minor ‘Argenteovariegata’ website: https://wijdemeren.cobra360.nl/index.php?@iepen

Australasia

Benalla Botanic Gardens, Victoria, Australia. Accession details not known.
Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria (Melbourne), Australia.^[20] Accession details not known.
Eastwoodhill Arboretum [4], Gisborne, New Zealand. Acc. details not known.
Geelong Botanic Gardens, Geelong, Victoria, Australia. Acc. details not known.
Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart, Australia. Two trees on Playground Lawn.

Nurseries

North America

None known.

Europe

Noordplant Nursery, Glimmen, Netherlands

Australasia

ETT, Wandin East, Victoria, Australia
Fleming's Nursery [5], Monbulk, Victoria, Australia. (as 'Silver Elm').
Metro Trees, Fairfield, Victoria, Australia
Mount William, Lancefield, Victoria, Australia

Notes

^ Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. p.1895

References

^ treelogic.com.au/facts/ulmus-minor-variegata-silver-elm/
^ flemings.com.au/ornamental_details.asp?CULT_ID=MINOR
^ plantthis.co.nz/plant-information.asp?gardener=26019&tabview=photos&plantSpot=
^ Green, Peter Shaw (1964). "Registration of cultivar names in Ulmus". Arnoldia. 24 (6–8). Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University: 41–80. Retrieved 16 February 2017.
^ Dumont de Courset, George Louis Marie (1802). Le botaniste cultivateur. Vol. 3. Paris, J.J. Fuch. p. 700.
^ Bulletin de la Fédération des sociétés d'horticulture de Belgique 1862: 390, 1863
^ "Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries".
^ Hilliers' Manual of Trees & Shrubs. (1977). David & Charles, Newton Abbot, UK.
^ "Herbarium specimen - WAG.1853149". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. [right-hand specimen, distinct from variegated English Elm on left]; "Herbarium specimen - L.4222713". Botany catalogues. Naturalis Biodiversity Center. Sheet labelled Ulmus sativa marmorata (1897)
^ Photographs of Ulmus minor 'Variegata', www.ogrodyprzydomowe.eu
^ Bowles, E. A. (1915). My Garden in Autumn and Winter. London. p. 165. Retrieved 20 December 2017.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Photograph of foliage of U. minor 'Argenteovariegata', www.flower.onego.ru (photo 6) [1]
^ Elwes, H. J. & Henry, A. (1913). The Trees of Great Britain & Ireland. Vol. VII. p.1895
^ Saunders, William; Macoun, William Tyrrell (1899). Catalogue of the trees and shrubs in the arboretum and botanic gardens at the central experimental farm (2 ed.). Ottawa. pp. 74–75.
^ Bobbink and Atkins, Rutherford. N.J. 1902. p. 51.
^ Nobelius nursery, Melbourne, 1916 catalogue
^ Spencer, Roger, ed., Horticultural Flora of South-Eastern Australia, Vol. 2 (Sydney, 1995), p.114
^ 'Variegated elms on Playground Lawn' (Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Hobart) by Natalie Tapson, flickr.com [2]
^ 'Heritage' Silver Elm in Portland, Oregon, portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/479576?
^ RBGV (Melbourne) Elm list

External links

http://www.rhs.org.uk/RHSPlantFinder/Plantfinder2.asp?crit=ulmus&page=2&genus=Ulmus RHS Plant Finder, UK

Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars

Species, varieties and subspecies

U. alata (Winged elm)
U. americana (American elm)
U. americana var. floridana (Florida elm)
U. bergmanniana (Bergmann's elm)
U. bergmanniana var. bergmanniana
U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla
U. castaneifolia (Chestnut-leafed or multinerved elm)
U. changii (Hangzhou elm)
U. changii var. changii
U. changii var. kunmingensis (Kunming elm)
U. chenmoui (Chenmou or Langya Mountain elm)
U. chumlia
U. crassifolia (Cedar or Texas cedar elm)
U. davidiana (David or Father David elm)
U. davidiana var. davidiana
U. davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm)
U. elongata (Long raceme elm)
U. gaussenii (Anhui or hairy elm)
U. glabra (Wych or scots elm)
U. glaucescens (Gansu elm)
U. glaucescens var. glaucescens
U. glaucescens var. lasiocarpa (hairy-fruited glaucescent elm)
U. harbinensis (Harbin elm)
U. ismaelis
U. laciniata (Manchurian cut-leaf or lobed elm)
U. laciniata var. nikkoensis (Nikko elm)
U. laevis (European white elm)
U. laevis var. celtidea
U. laevis var. parvifolia
U. laevis var. simplicidens
U. lamellosa (Hebei elm)
U. lanceifolia (Vietnam elm)
U. macrocarpa (Large-fruited elm)
U. macrocarpa var. glabra
U. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
U. mexicana (Mexican elm)
U. microcarpa (Tibetan elm)
U. minor (Field elm)
U. minor subsp. minor
U. minor var. italica
U. parvifolia (Chinese or lacebark elm)
U. parvifolia var. coreana (Korean elm)
U. prunifolia (Cherry-leafed elm)
U. pseudopropinqua (Harbin spring elm)
U. pumila (Siberian elm)
U. rubra (Slippery elm)
U. serotina (September elm)
U. szechuanica (Szechuan (Sichuan) or red-fruited elm)
U. thomasii (Rock or cork elm)
U. uyematsui (Alishan elm)
U. villosa (Cherry-bark or marn elm)
U. wallichiana (Himalayan or kashmir elm)
U. wallichiana subsp. wallichiana
U. wallichiana subsp. xanthoderma
U. wallichiana var. tomentosa

Disputed species, varieties and subspecies

U. boissieri
U. minor subsp. canescens (Grey, grey-leafed or hoary elm)
U. elliptica

Hybrids

U. davidiana var. japonica × U. minor
U. × arbuscula
U. × arkansana
U. × brandisiana
U. × diversifolia
U. × hollandica (Dutch elm)
U. × hollandica var. insularum
U. × intermedia
U. × mesocarpa

Species cultivars

American elm	American Liberty Ascendens Augustine Aurea Beaverlodge Beebe's Weeping Brandon Burgoyne JFS Prince II College Columnaris Creole Queen Deadfree Delaware Exhibition Fiorei Flick's Spreader Folia Aurea Variegata Great Plains Hines Incisa Independence Iowa State Jackson Jefferson Kimley Klehmii L'Assomption Lake City Lewis & Clark Littleford Maine Markham Miller Park Minneapolis Park Moline Morden New Harmony Nigricans Patmore Pendula Penn Treaty Princeton Pyramidata Queen City Sheyenne Skinner Upright St. Croix Star Valley Forge Variegata Vase Washington
Cedar elm	Brazos Rim
Chinese elm	A-1 A. Ross Central Park Blizzard BSNUPF Burgundy Burnley Select Catlin Chessins Churchyard Cork Bark D. B. Cole Drake Dynasty Ed Wood Elsmo Emer I Emer II Emerald Prairie Frosty Garden City Clone Geisha Glory Golden Rey Hallelujah Hokkaido Jade Empress King's Choice Littleleaf Lois Hole Matthew Milliken Nire-keyaki Ohio Orange Ribbon Pathfinder Pendens Prairie Shade Prince Richard Red Fall Sabamiki Sagei Seiju Select 380 Sempervirens Small Frye State Fair Stone's Dwarf Taiwan The Thinker Todd True Green UPMTF Ware's Yarralumla Yatsubusa Zettler Ulmus parvifolia f. lanceolata
European white elm	Aureovariegata Colorans Helena Ornata Pendula Punctata Urticifolia
Field elm	Ademuz Albo-Dentata Amplifolia Argenteo-Variegata Atinia Atinia Pyramidalis Atinia Variegata Bea Schwarz Biltii Christine Buisman Concavaefolia Coritana Cretensis Cucullata Cucullata Variegata Dehesa de Amaniel Dehesa de la Villa Dicksonii Dijkwel Erecta Folia Alba-Punctata Glandulosa Goodyeri Hoersholmiensis Holmstruph Hunnybunii Hunnybunii pseudo-Stricta Laciniata Lanuginosa Majadahonda Microphylla Pendula Microphylla Purpurea Microphylla Rubra Monumentalis Pendula Picturata Plotii Propendens Punctata Purpurascens Purpurea Retiro Reverti Rugosa Rueppellii Sarniensis Schuurhoek Silvery Gem Sowerbyi Stricta Suberosa Umbraculifera Gracilis Umbraculifera Viminalis Viminalis Aurea Viminalis Betulaefolia Viminalis Gracilis Viminalis Incisa Viminalis Marginata Viminalis Pendula Viminalis Pulverulenta Viminalis Stricta Virgata Webbiana
Japanese elm	Discovery Freedom Jacan JFS-Bieberich Mitsui Centennial Prospector Reperta Reseda Thomson Validation
Siberian elm	Ansaloni Aurea Aurescens Chinkota Dropmore Dwarf Weeper Green King Hansen Harbin Manchu Mauro Mr. Buzz Park Royal Pendula Pinnato-ramosa Poort Bulten Puszta Pyramidalis Fiorei Zhonghua Jinye
Winged elm	Lace Parasol
Wych elm	Albo-Variegata Australis Camperdownii Cebennensis Concavaefolia Cornuta Corylifolia Purpurea Corylifolia Dovaei Fastigiata Macrophylla Fastigiata Stricta Fastigiata Variegata Firma Flava Gigantea Gittisham Grandidentata Holgeri Horizontalis Insularis Latifolia Latifolia Aurea Latifolia Aureo-Variegata Latifolia Nigricans Luteo Variegata Lutescens Macrophylla Maculata Minor Nana Nigra Nitida Oblongata Pendula Macrophylla Pendula Variegata Pyrenaica Spectabilis Superba Tomentosa

Hybrid cultivars

Androssowii Amsterdam Arno Cathedral Clusius Columella Den Haag Dodoens Escaillard Fiorente Frontier Fuente Umbria Homestead Karagatch Lobel Morfeo Morton Morton Glossy Morton Plainsman Morton Red Tip Morton Stalwart Nanguen New Horizon Patriot Plantyn Plinio Rebella Rebona Recerta Regal Repura Revera San Zanobi Sapporo Autumn Gold Sapporo Gold 2 Stavast Toledo Urban Wanoux Wingham
Dutch elm	Alba Angustifolia Balder Belgica Blandford Canadian Giant Cicestria Cinerea Commelin Dampieri Dauvessei Daveyi Dumont Elegantissima Eleganto-Variegata Etrusca Fastigiata Fjerrestad Folia Rhomboidea Freja Fulva Gaujardii Groeneveld Haarlemensis Klemmer Loke Macrophylla Aurea Major Microphylla Modiolina Muscaviensis Odin Pioneer Pitteurs Serpentina Smithii Superba Tricolor Tyr Vegeta Viminalis Viscosa Wentworthii Pendula Wredei Ypreau
U. × intermedia	Coolshade Fremont Improved Coolshade Lincoln Rosehill Willis