ACTA2

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ACTA2
Identifiers
AliasesACTA2, AAT6, ACTSA, MYMY5, actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta, actin alpha 2, smooth muscle
External IDsOMIM: 102620 MGI: 87909 HomoloGene: 133938 GeneCards: ACTA2
Gene location (Human)
Chromosome 10 (human)
Chr.Chromosome 10 (human)[1]
Chromosome 10 (human)
Genomic location for ACTA2
Genomic location for ACTA2
Band10q23.31Start88,935,074 bp[1]
End88,991,339 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse)
Chromosome 19 (mouse)
Chr.Chromosome 19 (mouse)[2]
Chromosome 19 (mouse)
Genomic location for ACTA2
Genomic location for ACTA2
Band19|19 C1Start34,218,490 bp[2]
End34,232,990 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern
Bgee
HumanMouse (ortholog)
Top expressed in
  • saphenous vein

  • right coronary artery

  • popliteal artery

  • urethra

  • ascending aorta

  • seminal vesicula

  • left coronary artery

  • myometrium

  • vena cava

  • superficial temporal artery
Top expressed in
  • ascending aorta

  • aortic valve

  • iris

  • belly cord

  • cervix

  • calvaria

  • internal carotid artery

  • seminal vesicula

  • external carotid artery

  • left colon
More reference expression data
BioGPS
More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function
  • ATP binding
  • nucleotide binding
  • protein kinase binding
Cellular component
  • cytosol
  • cytoplasm
  • actin cytoskeleton
  • smooth muscle contractile fiber
  • cell body
  • lamellipodium
  • filopodium
  • cytoskeleton
  • extracellular exosome
  • extracellular space
  • protein-containing complex
Biological process
  • muscle contraction
  • regulation of blood pressure
  • vascular associated smooth muscle contraction
  • mesenchyme migration
  • positive regulation of gene expression
  • glomerular mesangial cell development
  • response to virus
  • positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

59

11475

Ensembl

ENSG00000107796

ENSMUSG00000035783

UniProt

P62736

P62737

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001141945
NM_001613
NM_001320855

NM_007392

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001135417
NP_001307784
NP_001604

NP_031418

Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 88.94 – 88.99 MbChr 19: 34.22 – 34.23 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

ACTA2 (actin alpha 2) is an actin protein with several aliases including alpha-actin, alpha-actin-2, aortic smooth muscle or alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA, SMactin, alpha-SM-actin, ASMA). Actins are a family of globular multi-functional proteins that form microfilaments. ACTA2 is one of 6 different actin isoforms and is involved in the contractile apparatus of smooth muscle. ACTA2 (as with all the actins) is extremely highly conserved and found in nearly all mammals.

In humans, ACTA2 is encoded by the ACTA2 gene located on 10q22-q24.[5][6] Mutations in this gene cause a variety of vascular diseases, such as thoracic aortic disease, coronary artery disease, stroke, Moyamoya disease, and multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome.[5]

ACTA2 (commonly referred to as alpha-smooth muscle actin or α-SMA) is often used as a marker of myofibroblast formation.[7] Studies have shown that ACTA2 is associated with TGF-β pathway that enhances contractile properties of hepatic stellate cells leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000107796 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000035783 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: ACTA2 actin, alpha 2, smooth muscle, aorta".
  6. ^ Ueyama H, Bruns G, Kanda N (June 1990). "Assignment of the vascular smooth muscle actin gene ACTSA to human chromosome 10". Jinrui Idengaku Zasshi. The Japanese Journal of Human Genetics. 35 (2): 145–50. doi:10.1007/BF01876459. PMID 2398629.
  7. ^ Nagamoto T, Eguchi G, Beebe DC (April 2000). "Alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in cultured lens epithelial cells". Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. 41 (5): 1122–9. PMID 10752950.
  8. ^ Hassan S, Shah H, Shawana S (2020). "Dysregulated epidermal growth factor and tumor growth factor-beta receptor signaling through GFAP-ACTA2 protein interaction in liver fibrosis". Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 36 (4): 782–787. doi:10.12669/pjms.36.4.1845. PMC 7260937. PMID 32494274.

Further reading

  • Snásel J, Pichová I (1997). "The cleavage of host cell proteins by HIV-1 protease". Folia Biologica. 42 (5): 227–30. doi:10.1007/BF02818986. PMID 8997639. S2CID 7617882.
  • Adams LD, Tomasselli AG, Robbins P, Moss B, Heinrikson RL (February 1992). "HIV-1 protease cleaves actin during acute infection of human T-lymphocytes". AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses. 8 (2): 291–5. doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.291. PMID 1540415.
  • Harris DE, Warshaw DM, Periasamy M (March 1992). "Nucleotide sequences of the rabbit alpha-smooth-muscle and beta-non-muscle actin mRNAs". Gene. 112 (2): 265–6. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(92)90388-6. PMID 1555776.
  • Tomasselli AG, Hui JO, Adams L, Chosay J, Lowery D, Greenberg B, Yem A, Deibel MR, Zürcher-Neely H, Heinrikson RL (August 1991). "Actin, troponin C, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein and pro-interleukin 1 beta as substrates of the protease from human immunodeficiency virus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 266 (22): 14548–53. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)98721-1. PMID 1907279.
  • Jahoda CA, Reynolds AJ, Chaponnier C, Forester JC, Gabbiani G (July 1991). "Smooth muscle alpha-actin is a marker for hair follicle dermis in vivo and in vitro". Journal of Cell Science. 99 ( Pt 3) (3): 627–36. doi:10.1242/jcs.99.3.627. PMID 1939373.
  • Ueyama H, Ohsugi R (March 1990). "TaqI polymorphism in the 3' flanking region of the human aortic smooth muscle actin gene". Nucleic Acids Research. 18 (5): 1318. doi:10.1093/nar/18.5.1318. PMC 330483. PMID 1969628.
  • Shoeman RL, Kesselmier C, Mothes E, Höner B, Traub P (January 1991). "Non-viral cellular substrates for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease". FEBS Letters. 278 (2): 199–203. Bibcode:1991FEBSL.278..199S. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80116-K. PMID 1991513. S2CID 37002682.
  • Nakano Y, Nishihara T, Sasayama S, Miwa T, Kamada S, Kakunaga T (March 1991). "Transcriptional regulatory elements in the 5' upstream and first intron regions of the human smooth muscle (aortic type) alpha-actin-encoding gene". Gene. 99 (2): 285–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(91)90140-7. PMID 2022339.
  • Reddy S, Ozgur K, Lu M, Chang W, Mohan SR, Kumar CC, Ruley HE (January 1990). "Structure of the human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene. Analysis of a cDNA and 5' upstream region". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 265 (3): 1683–7. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)40070-7. PMID 2295650.
  • Kamada S, Nakano Y, Kakunaga T (December 1989). "Structure of 3'-downstream segment of the human smooth muscle (aortic-type) alpha-actin-encoding gene and isolation of the specific DNA probe". Gene. 84 (2): 455–62. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90520-9. PMID 2612915.
  • Kamada S, Kakunaga T (February 1989). "The nucleotide sequence of a human smooth muscle alpha-actin (aortic type) cDNA". Nucleic Acids Research. 17 (4): 1767. doi:10.1093/nar/17.4.1767. PMC 331843. PMID 2701935.
  • Kedes L, Ng SY, Lin CS, Gunning P, Eddy R, Shows T, Leavitt J (1986). "The human beta-actin multigene family". Transactions of the Association of American Physicians. 98: 42–6. PMID 3842206.
  • Ueyama H, Hamada H, Battula N, Kakunaga T (June 1984). "Structure of a human smooth muscle actin gene (aortic type) with a unique intron site". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 4 (6): 1073–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.4.6.1073. PMC 368875. PMID 6330528.
  • Strauch AR, Rubenstein PA (June 1984). "A vascular smooth muscle alpha-isoactin biosynthetic intermediate in BC3H1 cells. Identification of acetylcysteine at the NH2 terminus". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 259 (11): 7224–9. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(17)39861-7. PMID 6725286.
  • Ueyama H, Inazawa J, Ariyama T, Nishino H, Ochiai Y, Ohkubo I, Miwa T (March 1995). "Reexamination of chromosomal loci of human muscle actin genes by fluorescence in situ hybridization". The Japanese Journal of Human Genetics. 40 (1): 145–8. doi:10.1007/BF01874078. PMID 7780165.
  • Arora PD, McCulloch CA (April 1994). "Dependence of collagen remodelling on alpha-smooth muscle actin expression by fibroblasts". Journal of Cellular Physiology. 159 (1): 161–75. doi:10.1002/jcp.1041590120. PMID 8138584. S2CID 84214215.
  • Iwata Y, Pan Y, Yoshida T, Hanada H, Shigekawa M (February 1998). "Alpha1-syntrophin has distinct binding sites for actin and calmodulin". FEBS Letters. 423 (2): 173–7. Bibcode:1998FEBSL.423..173I. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00085-4. PMID 9512352. S2CID 26209999.
  • Comer KA, Dennis PA, Armstrong L, Catino JJ, Kastan MB, Kumar CC (March 1998). "Human smooth muscle alpha-actin gene is a transcriptional target of the p53 tumor suppressor protein". Oncogene. 16 (10): 1299–308. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1201645. PMID 9546431. S2CID 11098751.

External links

  • GeneReviews/NIH/NCBI/UW entry on Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Aortic Dissections
  • Human ACTA2 genome location and ACTA2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
  • v
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  • 1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex
    1atn: Atomic structure of the actin:DNASE I complex
  • 1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
    1c0f: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF DICTYOSTELIUM CAATP-ACTIN IN COMPLEX WITH GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
  • 1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H)
    1c0g: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 1:1 COMPLEX BETWEEN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1 AND A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 228: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/E360H)
  • 1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution.
    1d4x: Crystal Structure of Caenorhabditis Elegans Mg-ATP Actin Complexed with Human Gelsolin Segment 1 at 1.75 A resolution.
  • 1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
    1dej: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF A DICTYOSTELIUM/TETRAHYMENA CHIMERA ACTIN (MUTANT 646: Q228K/T229A/A230Y/A231K/S232E/E360H) IN COMPLEX WITH HUMAN GELSOLIN SEGMENT 1
  • 1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
    1eqy: COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA-ACTIN: HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
  • 1esv: COMPLEX BETWEEN LATRUNCULIN A:RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA ACTIN:HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
    1esv: COMPLEX BETWEEN LATRUNCULIN A:RABBIT MUSCLE ALPHA ACTIN:HUMAN GELSOLIN DOMAIN 1
  • 1h1v: GELSOLIN G4-G6/ACTIN COMPLEX
    1h1v: GELSOLIN G4-G6/ACTIN COMPLEX
  • 1hlu: STRUCTURE OF BOVINE BETA-ACTIN-PROFILIN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN BOUND ATP PHOSPHATES SOLVENT ACCESSIBLE
    1hlu: STRUCTURE OF BOVINE BETA-ACTIN-PROFILIN COMPLEX WITH ACTIN BOUND ATP PHOSPHATES SOLVENT ACCESSIBLE
  • 1ijj: THE X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIN AND LATRUNCULIN A AT 2.85 A RESOLUTION
    1ijj: THE X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX BETWEEN RABBIT SKELETAL MUSCLE ACTIN AND LATRUNCULIN A AT 2.85 A RESOLUTION
  • 1j6z: UNCOMPLEXED ACTIN
    1j6z: UNCOMPLEXED ACTIN
  • 1kxp: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
    1kxp: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF HUMAN VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
  • 1lcu: Polylysine Induces an Antiparallel Actin Dimer that Nucleates Filament Assembly: Crystal Structure at 3.5 A Resolution
    1lcu: Polylysine Induces an Antiparallel Actin Dimer that Nucleates Filament Assembly: Crystal Structure at 3.5 A Resolution
  • 1lot: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF ACTIN WITH VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN
    1lot: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF ACTIN WITH VITAMIN D-BINDING PROTEIN
  • 1m8q: Molecular Models of Averaged Rigor Crossbridges from Tomograms of Insect Flight Muscle
    1m8q: Molecular Models of Averaged Rigor Crossbridges from Tomograms of Insect Flight Muscle
  • 1ma9: Crystal structure of the complex of human vitamin D binding protein and rabbit muscle actin
    1ma9: Crystal structure of the complex of human vitamin D binding protein and rabbit muscle actin
  • 1mdu: Crystal structure of the chicken actin trimer complexed with human gelsolin segment 1 (GS-1)
    1mdu: Crystal structure of the chicken actin trimer complexed with human gelsolin segment 1 (GS-1)
  • 1mvw: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1mvw: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1nlv: Crystal Structure Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Actin Complexed With Ca ATP And Human Gelsolin Segment 1
    1nlv: Crystal Structure Of Dictyostelium Discoideum Actin Complexed With Ca ATP And Human Gelsolin Segment 1
  • 1nm1: Crystal Structure of D. Dicsoideum Actin Complexed With Gelsolin Segment 1 and Mg ATP at 1.8 A Resolution
    1nm1: Crystal Structure of D. Dicsoideum Actin Complexed With Gelsolin Segment 1 and Mg ATP at 1.8 A Resolution
  • 1nmd: Crystal Structure of D. Discoideum Actin-Gelsolin Segment 1 Complex Crystallized In Presence Of Lithium ATP
    1nmd: Crystal Structure of D. Discoideum Actin-Gelsolin Segment 1 Complex Crystallized In Presence Of Lithium ATP
  • 1nwk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MONOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ATP STATE
    1nwk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF MONOMERIC ACTIN IN THE ATP STATE
  • 1o18: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o18: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o19: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o19: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1a: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1a: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1b: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1b: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1c: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1c: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1d: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1d: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1e: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1e: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1f: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1f: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1o1g: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
    1o1g: MOLECULAR MODELS OF AVERAGED RIGOR CROSSBRIDGES FROM TOMOGRAMS OF INSECT FLIGHT MUSCLE
  • 1p8z: Complex Between Rabbit Muscle alpha-Actin: Human Gelsolin Residues Val26-Glu156
    1p8z: Complex Between Rabbit Muscle alpha-Actin: Human Gelsolin Residues Val26-Glu156
  • 1qz5: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with kabiramide C
    1qz5: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with kabiramide C
  • 1qz6: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with jaspisamide A
    1qz6: Structure of rabbit actin in complex with jaspisamide A
  • 1rdw: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
    1rdw: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
  • 1rfq: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
    1rfq: Actin Crystal Dynamics: Structural Implications for F-actin Nucleation, Polymerization and Branching Mediated by the Anti-parallel Dimer
  • 1rgi: Crystal structure of gelsolin domains G1-G3 bound to actin
    1rgi: Crystal structure of gelsolin domains G1-G3 bound to actin
  • 1s22: Absolute Stereochemistry of Ulapualide A
    1s22: Absolute Stereochemistry of Ulapualide A
  • 1sqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CIBOULOT IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
    1sqk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CIBOULOT IN COMPLEX WITH SKELETAL ACTIN
  • 1t44: Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-B4: Implications for arp2/3 activation
    1t44: Structural basis of actin sequestration by thymosin-B4: Implications for arp2/3 activation
  • 1wua: The structure of Aplyronine A-actin complex
    1wua: The structure of Aplyronine A-actin complex
  • 1y64: Bni1p Formin Homology 2 Domain complexed with ATP-actin
    1y64: Bni1p Formin Homology 2 Domain complexed with ATP-actin
  • 1yxq: Crystal structure of actin in complex with swinholide A
    1yxq: Crystal structure of actin in complex with swinholide A
  • 2a3z: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WASP with Actin-DNAse I
    2a3z: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WASP with Actin-DNAse I
  • 2a40: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WAVE with Actin-DNAse I
    2a40: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of WAVE with Actin-DNAse I
  • 2a41: Ternary complex of the WH2 Domain of WIP with Actin-DNAse I
    2a41: Ternary complex of the WH2 Domain of WIP with Actin-DNAse I
  • 2a42: Actin-DNAse I Complex
    2a42: Actin-DNAse I Complex
  • 2a5x: Crystal Structure of a Cross-linked Actin Dimer
    2a5x: Crystal Structure of a Cross-linked Actin Dimer
  • 2asm: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide A
    2asm: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide A
  • 2aso: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Sphinxolide B
    2aso: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Sphinxolide B
  • 2asp: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide C
    2asp: Structure of Rabbit Actin In Complex With Reidispongiolide C
  • 2btf: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PROFILIN-BETA-ACTIN
    2btf: THE STRUCTURE OF CRYSTALLINE PROFILIN-BETA-ACTIN
  • 2d1k: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of mim with actin-dnase I
    2d1k: Ternary complex of the WH2 domain of mim with actin-dnase I
  • 2ff3: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:N-wasp V2 motif hybrid in complex with actin
    2ff3: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:N-wasp V2 motif hybrid in complex with actin
  • 2ff6: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:ciboulot domain 2 hybrid in complex with actin
    2ff6: Crystal structure of Gelsolin domain 1:ciboulot domain 2 hybrid in complex with actin
  • 2fxu: X-ray Structure of Bistramide A- Actin Complex at 1.35 A resolution.
    2fxu: X-ray Structure of Bistramide A- Actin Complex at 1.35 A resolution.
  • 2gwj: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: hexagonal crystal form
    2gwj: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: hexagonal crystal form
  • 2gwk: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: orthorhombic crystal form
    2gwk: SpvB ADP-ribosylated actin: orthorhombic crystal form
  • 2hf3: Crystal structure of monomeric Actin in the ADP bound state
    2hf3: Crystal structure of monomeric Actin in the ADP bound state
  • 2hf4: Crystal structure of Monomeric Actin in its ATP-bound state
    2hf4: Crystal structure of Monomeric Actin in its ATP-bound state
  • 2hmp: Uncomplexed actin cleaved with protease ECP32
    2hmp: Uncomplexed actin cleaved with protease ECP32
  • 2oan: Structure of oxidized beta-actin
    2oan: Structure of oxidized beta-actin
  • 2q1n: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374
    2q1n: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374
  • 2q31: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 and proteolytically cleaved by subtilisin between residues 47 and 48.
    2q31: Actin Dimer Cross-linked Between Residues 41 and 374 and proteolytically cleaved by subtilisin between residues 47 and 48.
  • 2q36: Actin Dimer Cross-linked between Residues 191 and 374 and complexed with Kabiramide C
    2q36: Actin Dimer Cross-linked between Residues 191 and 374 and complexed with Kabiramide C
  • v
  • t
  • e
Human
Microfilaments
and ABPs
Myofilament
Actins
Myosins
Other
Other
Intermediate
filaments
Type 1/2
(Keratin,
Cytokeratin)
Epithelial keratins
(soft alpha-keratins)
Hair keratins
(hard alpha-keratins)
Ungrouped alpha
Not alpha
Type 3
Type 4
Type 5
Microtubules
and MAPs
Tubulins
MAPs
Kinesins
Dyneins
Microtubule organising proteins
Microtubule severing proteins
Other
Catenins
Membrane
Other
Nonhuman
See also: cytoskeletal defects


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